单元注释 1 Today, more than a half billion users around the 有一个 nternet地址。当你在见器的地址框中输入一 world connect to the Internet for many different 个URL或是单击一个超级链接时,URL就确定了要消 reasons. The World Wide Web and e-mail are two of 的地址。见器通过文本传输协议(HTP),将 the more widely used Internet services. There are als Web服务器上站点的网页代码提取出来,并翻译成相 other services, such as file transfer, newsgroups and 应的网页。 message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms, and instant messaging,现在,大约有5亿用户由于不同的原因连3 J Multimedia means any application that uses text 接到因特网。其中万维网和电子邮件是最常用的两种 together with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/ 因特网服务。还有其他一些服务,如文件传输,新间组 or virtual reality.多煤体指任何除文本外还使用了图 和留言板,邮件列表,聊天室,以及即时信息。 片,动画、音频,视频和/或虐拟现实等的应用。 囚特网是指全球范围内由众多网络相互连接而成 虚拟现实术( Virtual Reality)指计算机产生一 的计算机网络。它在1969年产生于美国国防部的高级 种人为虚拟的环境,这种虚拟的环境是通过计算机图 研完规划暑,最初的目的只是远程计昪机的散据共享 形构成的三维室间,或是把其他现实环境编制到计算 后来逐渐发展成将世界各地的计昇机及计算机网络相 机中来产生逼真的“虚拟环境”,从而使得用户在视觉 夏选接起来的一个巨大的同络。 上产生一种沉浸于虚叔环境的感觉。这种技术的应用 万维网则是因特网的多种应用中的一种。它是欲 改进了人们利用计算机透行多工程数据处理的方式, 洲粒子实验室一名叫 Tim Bemers Lee的研究員设计出 尤其在需要对大量抽象数据进行处理时;同时,它在许 来和其他科学家共享信息用的一种技术。这种技术后 多不同领城的应用,可以带米巨大的经济效益。虚叔现 来得以在英特网上迅猛发展,功能也越来越强大,以至 实为人机交互界面的发展开创了新的研完领城,为智 于大家一提到英特同就想到万维网。万维上的信息 能工程的应用提供了新的界面工具,为各类工程的大 请源之所以能够为广大用户所利用,主要是依靠下面 规模的数据可视化提供了新的描还方法 三种基本技术:①指定門上信息源地址的统一命名 方法,即统一源地盐(URL:②存取賃源的协议,4| E-mail (short for electronic mail) is the transmission of 即超文本传送协议(HITP);③在货源之间展容易浏 message and files by using a computer network电邮 览的超文本饒接挂术( Hyperlink) (电子邮件的简称)就是通过计算机网格传送的信息和 文件。 2-a Web address is made up of a protocol,domain 现在使用的最多的通讯系统是互联,电子邮件 name, and the path to a specific Web page.一个网络地 则是互联网上最受欢迎的功能之一。通过电于邮件系 址由协议,域名以及某一个特定网页的路径组成。 恍,您可以以非常低廉的价格,以非常快速的方式与世 协议:网络上的计昇机为了进行互相通信,就必须 界上任何一个地方的网络用户联络。这些电子邮件可 制定一些协议以定义通过門络进行通信的规则,否则 以也括文宇。图像,声音等各种内容。这是任何传统的 一方将无法识别另一方发出的信息。我们常见到的 通讯方式都无法相比的。正是由于电子邮件的使用简 HTTP就是万维月上最常见的协议,HTTP协议 易、权遷迅速,收賣低康、易于保存。全球畅通无阻 ( Hypertext Transfer Protocol,超文本传输协议)是 使得电子邮件被广泛地应用,它使人们的交流方式得 用于从WWw服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传送 到了极大的改变。 协议。它可以有效减少网络传输,使浏见器史加高效 锯电子邮件的发明人雷·汤姆林森( Ray Tom 城名:国际互联网上的台计算机部有一个数字 linson)回忆,电子邮件的誕生是在1971年秋季。当 化的地址,叫做P( nternet Protocl)地址。计算机 时已经有一种可传输文件的电脑程序以及一种原始的 和计算机之间的通讥过程中是靠这些来标示地址的 信息糕序,但两个程序存在极大的使用局限。汤姆林森 但是如黑让人记忆这些数字地址显然是不太容易的。 对已有的传输文件程序以及信息程序进行研究,研制 因此,科学家们建主了一套通用性很强的域名体系,其 出一套新的程序,它可通过电脑同络发送和接收信息 作用就在于通过便于记忆而且具有标识意义的域名 再也没有了以前的种种限制,为了让人们都拥有容易 来免除人们对记忆散字IP地址的不便 识别的电子邮地址,汤姆林森决定用号, 我们在浏见器的地栏里输入的网站地址叫做 号前面叫上用户名,后面叫上用户邮描所在的地垃,电 URL(Uniform Resource Locator,统一源定位辟) 子邮件由此诞生 就像每家母户都有一个门牌地垃一样,每个同页也都
CHECKPOINT Use the checkpoint exercises to check your knowledge level of the chapter sd LABEL THE FIGURE Identity each part of the Web address and e-mail address. a domain name c, protocol d. user name e. Web page name http://www.jnj.com/careers/index.html f. domain name …山mwe以 canes big-(umPalnimpxtsamlchnsoneSste.com Picture Kids Puppy Holday ipg(636 KB took holida ur TRUE/FALSE Mark T for True andF和Fa I The World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)directs research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet 2. A domain name is the text version of an IP address 3. Fach electronic document on the Web is called a Web site 4. Downloading is the process of sending information to a server on the Internet 5. A search engine is a software program that finds Web sites and Web pages. 6. Streaming is the process of transferring data in a smooth and unbroken flow 7. E-mail can be used only to send or receive text messages 8, Instant messaging(IM) is a place on an Internet server that lets users chat with each other
(25 MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer. 1. The are two of the more b. two groups of numbers with each group widely used Internet services eparated by periods a frP/ chat room c. four groups of numbers with each group b, world Wide web/ chat room eparated by commas message board instant messaging d. four groups of numbers with each group separated by periods d World Wide Web/e-mail 5.ManyWebaddressesbeginwithhttpwhichisthe 2. No single person, company, school, or government controls the Internet however, directs research and sets standards and guidelines for b. domain name many areas of the Intemet c. protocol d page a. w30 6. The phrase usually refers to the first page b ARPA that a Web site displays c, U.S. Department of Defense a. web page b, web d www d home page 3.- Provides the slowest Internet access 7 format changes the size of an audio file to about one-tenth its original size, but still preserves a. DSI the quality of the sound ISDN JPE b MP3 c. Dial-up with a modem C. BMP d. gIr d Cable modem 8. A computer that stores and sends out newsgroup 4. An IP address usually is made up of messages is called a(n) a, two groups of numbers with each group a, news server b. moderator ted by commas c. newsreader d. article WORKING TOGETHER Working with a group of your classmates, complete the following team exercis This chapter lists 5 kinds of multimedia used on web pages: graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality. Working as a team, use the Internet to find a web site that uses at least 3 or 4 different kinds of multimedia, and write a report about the following aspects: (1)what multimedia are usually used in web pages?(2)what multimedia are used in the site? (3 )do these multimedia make the web pages more attractive and easier to navigate? (4)and do you think it is always a good idea to use as many kinds of multimedia as possible when authoring a web site? Present your report to your class and discuss your conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Application Software Objectives: After completing this unit, you will be able to Explain what application software is. Describe how system software interacts with application software. a Identify the role of the user interface a Explain how to start a software application Identify the widely used application software such as graphic design, multimedia educational, and communications software APPLICATION SOFTWARE developer, you can access the complete Application software is made up of programs that Freeware is software that is given to a user for do certain tasks for users, Application software is free by an individual or a company. Freeware used for many different reasons is copyrighted. Thus, programmers cannot put 1.As a business tool 2. To help with graphics and multimedia freeware into applications that they plan to ll projects Public-domain software also is free software 3. To help home, personal, and educational but it has been given for public use and is not activities 4. To make communications easier copyrighted. Anyone can copy or give public domain software to others Application software is available in many forms: packaged, custom, shareware, freeware, and public dor How to Install Applicantion Software main Packaged software is mass produced When you need to use certain software, you (produced in large quantities), copyrighted usually must install it first. If you buy a complex retail software that meets the needs of many software program, you usually get a manual users, not just one user or company. word about how to install and use the software, with processing and spreadsheet software are shareware, freeware, and public-domain examples of packaged software. Packaged software, however, you can usually find a software can be bought in stores or on the " readme. txt"file("readme. doc"), which Web describes how to install and use the software To install software, you usually use a file Custom software performs functions that are named"setup. exe"or"install.exe",and execute designed especially for a business or industry Sometimes a company cannot find packaged it (i.e, double click on the file), You then just software that meets its special needs. In this follow the instructions shown in the manual or in the"readme txt" file until the software is situation,the company may use a programmer successfully installed to develop custom software for the companys exact needs, which usually costs more the Packaged software The Role of System Software Shareware is copyrighted software that can be System software is the interface between the used for free for a short time, called a trial user, the application software, and the period. To use a shareware program longer computers hardware To use application than that time, you pay the person or company software, such as a word processing prog who developed the program Developers of your computer must be running system shareware use the honor system, trusting users software, e.g, an operating system. Two popular to pay if they use software longer than the trial personal computer operating systems are version of the software. After you pay the -oler Microsoft's Windows XP and Apple's Mac OSX. period. Sometimes, the shareware is a sim Each time you start a computer, the operating
system loads(copies)from the computer's hard tarting and Interacting with Application disk into memory. After the operating system Software loads, it manages all the activities of the To use application software, you must tell the computer, such as starting application operating system to start the program. The steps programs and transferring data between input in Figure 3-1 show how to start and interact with and output devices and memory. While the the Paint program. The following paragraphs computer is running, the operating system explain the steps in Figure 3-1 remains in memorv Both the windows xP and the Mac OS x FIGURE 3-1 HOW TO START AN APPLICATION Step 1: Step 2: When you turn on a PC-compatible computer, Windows XP load Click the Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs on the into memory and displays the desktop on the screen Start menu, point to Accessories on the All Programs submenu and then point to paint on the Accessories submenu Accessors Start m Accessories 回 commands--9=-- Paint p pointer Start button Step 4: step 3: Instruct the Paint program to open a Click Paint The picture that is stored on the hard disk Paint window is displayed on the desktop ocument file name wInD oA Meet Bandit Print dialog box 田飞 file contains picture stored on disk option button Step 5 Instruct the Paint program to print the picture. when Print dialog box is displayed. click the print button text box