Dilute Solution and Colligative Properties (3) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 6/45 p 溶剂 PA 溶液 ⊙ 固体溶剂 T T T T 温度 图5-6稀溶液中溶液的沸点升高 图5-7稀溶液的凝固，点下降 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 6/45 Dilute Solution and Colligative Properties (3)
Osmotic Pressure(1) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 7/45 ua-u RTInxa Raoult's law 半透膜！ Ha-H RT In(1-xB)=-RTxB g-上=-gn了 Aqueous solution (impure water) Flexible wall Π=RT XB Semipermeable Pure water membrane Figure 7.14 Osmotic pressure. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 7/45 Osmotic Pressure (1) A A A RT ln x A A B RTxB RT ln 1 x P P A A V A dP V A A B V x RT Raoult’s law 半透膜！
规则溶液 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 8/45 ·非理想溶液 血⅓0号-分0-x》 S M =0 G-HM=COXXB SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2010©X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 8/45 规则溶液 • 非理想溶液 2 2 ln A B 1 A x RT x RT A B xs M xs G M H x x M 0 xs S
Regular Solution Atomistic Interpretation(3) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 9/45 For the regular solution:S=0 GM=H应=or4XB aH” H3=M H日=Or4xB+x,O(A-xg X.S .S HB=r GB RTInYB 服 Justify the algebraic form c RI in a regular solution. XA A XB→ Figure 7.13 Plot of excess enthalpy of mixing versus com- position for a nonideal solution. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 9/45 Regular Solution Atomistic Interpretation (3) For the regular solution: S M 0 A B xs M xs G M H x x T B xs M A xs M xs B x H H H x B T A B A B A xs B x x x H x x x A B A A B xs H B x x x x x 2 A xs H B x B xs GB RT ln 2 ln B A x RT Justify the algebraic form of the activity coefficient in a regular solution
Regular Solution:Atomistic Interpretation(1) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 10/45 A,B二元完全无序分布 Random distribution 只考虑最近邻原子间的相互作用 Z:coordination number NA个A原子与NB个B原子混合形成规则溶液 EAA:bonding energy Table 7.1 Bond Energies After Mixing Atoms A and B in a Solid Solution Number of Bonds Energy per Bond Energy NAB EAB NAN N N Z EAB NAA EA 1 N NT NAB N N N EBB SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 10/45 Regular Solution: Atomistic Interpretation (1) A,B二元完全无序分布 只考虑最近邻原子间的相互作用 NA个A原子与NB个B原子混合形成规则溶液 Random distribution Z: coordination number EAA: bonding energy Z Z