Second letter of codon U UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr Cys UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys JUA Leu UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop UUG Leu UCG Ser UAG Stop UGG Trp CUU Leu CCU Pro CAU His CGU Arg CUC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg C First CUA Leu CCA Pro CAA GIn CGA Arg CUG Leu CCG Pro CAG GIn CGG Arg letter of codon AUU Ile ACU Thr AAU AsnAGUSer (5′end) AUC Ile ACC Thr AAC AsnAGCSer A AUA Ile ACA Thr AAA LysAGAArg AUG Met ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg GUU Val GCU Ala GAU Asp GGU Gly GUc Val GCc Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly GUA Val GCA Ala GAA Glu Gly GUG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly
蛋白质合成的几个要素转运RNA( transporte ■tRNA是氨基酸的转运工具,携带活化的氨基酸到核蛋白体。 tRNA有特异性,至少有20种以上。每种tRNA的反密码环顶端 均有由三个核苷酸组成的反密码,能与mRNA上相应的密码互 补结合。 Amino rm acid arm 54 5 D arm 769 (residues 10-25) Anticodon arm Anticodon (a) (b)
蛋白质合成的几个要素- 转运RNA (transporter) ◼ tRNA是氨基酸的转运工具，携带活化的氨基酸到核蛋白体。 ◼ tRNA有特异性，至少有20种以上。每种tRNA的反密码环顶端 均有由三个核苷酸组成的反密码，能与mRNA上相应的密码互 补结合
C Amino aeid 酪 TVC arm Darm 5酪氨酰-tRNA Contains Extra arm D residues not present in all tRNAs Anticodon AUG 反密码 Wobble Anticodon GUU UAC ACA 3 mRNA 密码( codon)与反密码( ant i codon) 的碱基配对
酪 5’ 5’ 3’ AUG GUU UAC ACA 酪氨酰- tRNA 反密码 mRNA 密码(codon)与反密码(anticodon) 的碱基配对
蛋白质合成的几个要素-核糖体, ribosome 核糖体(或称核糖核蛋白体)由蛋白质和rRNA组成。是 存在于细胞质内的微小颗粒。 21 nm
蛋白质合成的几个要素-核糖体，ribosome ◼ 核糖体（或称核糖核蛋白体）由蛋白质和rRNA组成。是 存在于细胞质内的微小颗粒
Bacterial ribosol Eukaryotic ribosome 80sM,42×10 50S 60s The ribosome composition of M,28×10 prokaryotic and 5SrRNA M,18×10 eukaryon ic cel I (120 nucleotides 2SSrRNA 5SrrNA (4. 700 nucleotides> (120 nucleotides 8S rRNA 23SrRNA (160 nucleotides) (3 200 nucleotides 49 proteins 36 proteins 30 40s M.0.9×10 M,1×10 16s rRNA 18S rRNA (1, 540 nucleotides) (b) (1, 900 nucleotides) 21 proteins 38 proteins
The ribosome composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell