动物在生物界的种类比例以及与植物的区别 口 Moner a口 Protista口 Fungi口 Plantae■ Anima1ia Fig. 1 ratio of organisms in the world 动物界现存种类约占生物界的78%
动物在生物界的种类比例以及与植物的区别 动物界现存种类约占生物界的78%
Chief differnces between plants and animals Plants Animals Usually autotrophic or holophytic nutrition; Usually heterotrophic or holozoic nutrition; simple minerals from soil and CO, from air; require complex, synthesized foods from energy from sunlight to synthesize complex plants or other animals materials(photosynthesis) Usually rigid cell walls containing cellulose Usually without cell walls; no cellulose Oxygen as a waste product Carbon dioxide. ammonia. urea. uric acid and other simple substances as waste Usually no movement or restricted Locomotion usually characteristic; body movement parts with movement Invariable body form; definite number of Usually with variable body shape and size body parts Internal organs and restricted growth Organs added externally and growth not sharply restricted Usually pronounced response to stimuli Usually restricted response to stimuli Carbohydrates stored as glycogen Carbohydrates stored as plant starch
Chief differnces between plants and animals Plants Animals Usually autotrophic or holophytic nutrition; simple minerals from soil and CO2 from air; energy from sunlight to synthesize complex materials (photosynthesis) Usually rigid cell walls containing cellulose Oxygen as a waste product Usually no movement or restricted movement Usually with variable body shape and size Organs added externally and growth not sharply restricted Usually restricted response to stimuli Carbohydrates stored as plant starch Usually heterotrophic or holozoic nutrition; require complex, synthesized foods from plants or other animals Usually without cell walls; no cellulose Carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, and other simple substances as waste Locomotion usually characteristic; body parts with movement Invariable body form; definite number of body parts Internal organs and restricted growth Usually pronounced response to stimuli Carbohydrates stored as glycogen
定义与类群 动物( animals): physicochemical system of specific and varying levels of organization patterns, self-regulative, self-perpetuating, and in continuous adjustment with its environment 脊椎动物( Vertebrate): animals that have a back-bone in their body, which is made up of lots of little bones called vertebrae 无脊椎动物( Invertebrate): animals that does not have a back-bone
定义与类群 动物（animals）: physicochemical system of specific and varying levels of organization patterns, self- regulative, self-perpetuating, and in continuous adjustment with its environment. • 脊椎动物（Vertebrate）: animals that have a back-bone in their body, which is made up of lots of little bones called vertebrae. • 无脊椎动物（Invertebrate）: animals that does not have a back-bone
原核生物:不存在细胞核膜的细胞型生 物,其染色体单由核酸组成。通常原核 生物包括细菌、蓝藻、原绿藻和放射菌 真核生物:具明显的核膜、细胞分裂出 现染色体,染色体由脱氧核糖核酸、组 蛋白及非组蛋白等成分构成。真核生物 包括单细胞和多细胞的各种生物。 自养生物:能够进行光合作用、将光能 转化为化学能的生物,如植物。 异养生物:需要从外界获取营养物质和 能量维持生命的生物,如动物
• 原核生物：不存在细胞核膜的细胞型生 物，其染色体单由核酸组成。通常原核 生物包括细菌、蓝藻、原绿藻和放射菌。 • 真核生物：具明显的核膜、细胞分裂出 现染色体，染色体由脱氧核糖核酸、组 蛋白及非组蛋白等成分构成。真核生物 包括单细胞和多细胞的各种生物。 • 自养生物：能够进行光合作用、将光能 转化为化学能的生物，如植物。 • 异养生物：需要从外界获取营养物质和 能量维持生命的生物，如动物
原生生物包括所有真核单细胞有机体。包括: 1含叶绿素的真核单细胞鞭毛藻,称为原生藻类, 如衣藻; 2不含叶绿素的真核细胞异养生物,有的称之为 原生动物,如变形虫、纤毛虫等。 3眼虫类( Euglenaceae),兼有自养和异养特性, 是介于动物和植物之间的生物。它们不是原核 生物,但又非典型的真核生物,具核膜,属真 核细胞,但其染色质成环形,由DNA与非组蛋 白构成,性质接近原核细胞,为原始或接近原 始的真核生物,是原核生物向真核生物进化的 中介生物的后代
原生生物包括所有真核单细胞有机体。包括： 1.含叶绿素的真核单细胞鞭毛藻，称为原生藻类， 如衣藻； 2.不含叶绿素的真核细胞异养生物，有的称之为 原生动物，如变形虫、纤毛虫等。 3.眼虫类（Euglenaceae），兼有自养和异养特性， 是介于动物和植物之间的生物。它们不是原核 生物，但又非典型的真核生物，具核膜，属真 核细胞，但其染色质成环形，由DNA与非组蛋 白构成，性质接近原核细胞，为原始或接近原 始的真核生物，是原核生物向真核生物进化的 中介生物的后代