2.基因与进化：基因突变是进化的动力 Evolution is driven by gene mutations Mutation Original L① Original Correct T copy Mutant copy
2. 基因与进化：基因突变是进化的动力 Evolution is driven by gene mutations
基因的调控网络-小突变形成大变化 Gene regulation network amplify the mutation effect 相互影响的基因网络：基因调节区的突变可以造成胚胎发育的巨大区别 ORGANISM A RELATED ORGANISM B embryonic stage 1 embryonic stage 1 gene 1 gene 2 gene3 gene 1 gene 2 gene 3 ■ regulatory DNA sequences transcription TIME TIME regulator transcription embryonic stage 2 regulator embryonic stage 2 gene 1 gene 2 gene 3 gene 1 gene 2 gene 3 △△ (A) △△△ 食蚁昏 (B)
基因的调控网络-小突变形成大变化 Gene regulation network amplify the mutation effect 食蚁兽 家犬 相互影响的基因网络：基因调节区的突变可以造成胚胎发育的巨大区别
Example:Single mutation makes big difference 一个突变形造成巨大影响 Hemoglobin gene Sickle Cell hemoglobin Normal hemoglobin forms long,inflexible chains lormal Red Sickled Red Blood Cells Blood Cells Chromosome 11 镰刀形贫血 Sickle cell anemia Normal red blood cells are compact and flexible,enabling them to squeeze through small capillaries Sickled red blood cells are stiff and angular. causing them to become stuck in small capillaries
2016/11/15 1 8 Example： Single mutation makes big difference 镰刀形贫血 Sickle cell anemia 一个突变形造成巨大影响
基因突变的普适性源于稳定性、可塑性、积累性和扩张性 mutation:stability,change accumulation,expansion 脑的进化-The Evolution of Brains SQUIRREL MONKEY RHESUS MONKEY DOG CHIMPANZEE HUMAN
基因突变的普适性源于稳定性、可塑性、积累性和扩张性 mutation: stability， change , accumulation， expansion 脑的进化-The Evolution of Brains
人脑的进化Hduman Brain Evolution capacite cranienne fomo s每iens sapien5 en cms Homo sapiens sapicns 1500cm3 大些，再大些 Big and Bigger Homo supiens neandertalensis Homo erecres 1000cm3 Homo erectirs Homo habilis Homso hobifis Aaestralopitheeus africwnus Singe Australopirkecus Anthropoide Lukeino (Baringo) 昆为s Singe Ancetre du millenaire 500cm3 4urhropofdle Primate Prehominides Hominides -10十 97 -8 -5 2 -1 millions d'annees -1,7 -0.7
人脑的进化Human Brain Evolution 大些，再大些 Big and Bigger