UNIT EXERCISES 13 13.1 Ifpossible, use the present simple ofan appropriate verb to complete these sentences. Ifthe present simple is not correct, use will+ infinitive.(A B) I Ellis's new play at the Grand Theatre next week 2 With more practice she an excellent violinist 3 National No-Smoking week on october 24th 4 On tonight's programme we to the deputy president about the latest unemployment figures. 5 In a few moments. I over there and give the signal to start running 6 The eclipse. at three minutes past midday 7 Dr brown available again at 9.00 tomorrow 8 The door in front of us automatically in a few moments 9 We msterdam on Tuesday morning, but we Sydney until Thursday evening 13.2 Expand these notes to make a sentence beginning with the word(s) given. You will need to decia the order in which to place them. Use the present simple in the first clause and will or won't in the econd. (C) I he /need complete rest/another two months he/come out/hospital After Me comes out of hospital, he will need complete rest for another two months 2 I decide/buy /the house I/have/look at/an expert 3 we /not let her/walk/ school alone he/a little older Until 4 he/take/work more seriously he/fail/his exams unless 5 one pen/run out I/ take two into /exam room In case 6 I/ meet you outside /cinema/8.00 I/not/ see you after school 7 trafic/not too bad 1/ pick you up/work Provided 13.3 Which ofthe verbs is correct or more appropriate? Underline one or both. (D) I Tonight I'm going to check that Susan does will do her homework correctly 2 By the time the book is published next year, no-one will be interested in what scandalous claims it makes/will make 3 Some people believe that the earth is destroyed will be destroyed by a nuclear accident 4 The new regulations mean that businesses have to /will have to complete the form by 1st 5 Jim just phoned. He says that he is /will be with us tonight 6 It says in the programme that the concert finishes / will finish at 10.20
UNIT EXERCISES 13.1 If possible, use the present simple of an appropriate verb to complete these sentences. If the present simple is not correct, use will + infinitive. (A & B) 1 Ellis's new play at the Grand Theatre next week. 2 With more practice she an excellent violinist. 3 National No-Smoking week on October 24th. 4 On tonight's programme we to the deputy president about the latest unemployment figures. 5 In a few moments, I over there and give the signal to start running. 6 The eclipse at three minutes past midday. 7 Dr Brown available again at 9.00 tomorrow. 8 The door in front of us automatically in a few moments. 9 We Amsterdam on Tuesday morning, but we Sydney until Thursday evening. 10 / - to the main point of my talk in a little while. 13.2 Expand these notes to make a sentence beginning with the word(s) given. You will need to decide the order in which to place them. Use the present simple in the first clause and will or won't in the second. (C) 1 he / need complete rest / another two months he / come out / hospital After Ие comes out of hospital, Ие will need, complete rest for another two months. 2 I decide / buy / the house I / have / look at / an expert Before... 3 we / not let her / walk / school alone she / a little older Until... 4 he / take / work more seriously he / fail / his exams Unless... 5 one pen / run out I / take two into / exam room In coLse... 6 I/meet you outside/cinema / 8.00 I / not / see you after school If... 7 traffic / not too bad I / pick you up / work Provided... 13.3 Which of the verbs is correct or more appropriate? Underline one or both. (D) 1 Tonight I'm going to check that Susan does I will do her homework correctly. 2 By the time the book is published next year, no-one will be interested in what scandalous claims it makes I will make. 3 Some people believe that the earth is destroyed I will be destroyed by a nuclear accident. 4 The new regulations mean that businesses have to I will have to complete the form by 1st April. 5 Jim just phoned. He says that he is I will be with us tonight. 6 It says in the programme that the concert finishes I will finish at 10.20. 27
Future continuous (will be doing) a We use will be + -ing(the future continuous) when we talk about an activity or event going on at a particular time or over a particular period in the future: Next Friday, the President will be celebrating ten years in power The plane will be travelling at twice the speed of sound when it passes overhead. After the operation you won't be doing any sport for a while I will be saying more about that topic in my next lecture. With the future continuous we normally mention the future time(Next Friday etc. We also use the future continuous when the future activity or event is the result of a previous decision or arrangement He will be taking up his place at university inJuly. (the result of a previous decision) She will be performing every day until the end of the month. (part of a schedule) or of a routine activity: We'll be going to my brother's house again for Christmas. (we always go there) I'll be seeing Tony on Tuesday. That's when we usually meet. Future continuous and present continuous for the future We can often use either the future continuous or the present continuous when we talk about planned activities or events in the future(see also Unit 12) We will be leaving /are leaving for Istanbul at 7.00 in the evening Professor Hodge will be giving /is giving the first presentation at the conference. But we prefer the present continuous to talk about surprising or unexpected activities or events Have you heard the news? Dr radford is leaving! (rather than.will be leaving. l Future continuous and will Compare the use of will and the future continuous in these sentences Ann will help us organise the party. Ann will be helping us to organise the party. ( she is willing to help) a previous arrangement) will you come to the concert? will you becoming to the concert? ( an invitation) asking about a possible previous arrangement) We'll join you in half an hour. We'll be joining you in half an hour. I have just decided) ( a previous arrangement) eWhen we use the future continuous, we are often referring simply to some future event or action *that has been previously arranged. However, we use will, not the future continuous, to talk about such things as decisions that people have made, willingness to do things, inviting, promising, etc. You can use the future continuous rather than will or the present continuous for the future to sound particularly polite when you ask about people's plans. For example, if you are asking about their plans because you want to ask them to do something unexpected or difficult. Compare Are you starting work on the room today? and will you be starting work on the room today? You see, I hope to use it for a meeting tomorrow What time are you coming to baby-sit? and What time will you be coming to baby-sit? We have to be at the theatre by 7 o'clock It is often possible to use going to be t ing rather than the future continuous to ask about plans in. Are you going to be starting work on the room today? particularly polite way l: Wilinness→[wr18
Futur e continuou s (wil l b e doing ) We use will be + -ing (the future continuous) when we talk about an activity or event going on at a particular time or over a particular period in the future: О • Next Friday, the President will be celebrating ten years in power. • • The plane will be travelling at twice the speed of sound when it passes overhead. • After the operation you won't be doing any sport for a while. • I will be saying more about that topic in my next lecture. With the future continuous we normally mention the future time (Next Friday etc.). We also use the future continuous when the future activity or event is the result of a previous decision or arrangement: • He will be taking up his place at university in July, (the result of a previous decision) • She will be performing every day until the end of the month, (part of a schedule) or of a routine activity: • We'll be going to my brother's house again for Christmas, (we always go there) • I'll be seeing Tony on Tuesday. That's when we usually meet. Future continuous and present continuous for the future We can often use either the future continuous or the present continuous when we talk about planned activities or events in the future (see also Unit 12): • We will be leaving / are leaving for Istanbul at 7.00 in the evening. • Professor Hodge will be giving / is giving the first presentation at the conference. But we prefer the present continuous to talk about surprising or unexpected activities or events: • Have you heard the news? Dr Radford is leaving! (rather than ...will be leaving.) Future continuous and will Compare the use of will and the future continuous in these sentences: • Ann will help us organise the party. (= she is willing to help) • Will you come to the concert? (= an invitation) • We'll join you in half an hour. (= I have just decided) • Ann will be helping us to organise the party. (= a previous arrangement) • Will you be coming to the concert? (= asking about a possible previous arrangement) • We'll be joining you in half an hour. (= a previous arrangement) {$>When we use the future continuous, we are often referring simply to some future event or action *that has been previously arranged. However, we use will, not the future continuous, to talk about such things as decisions that people have made, willingness to do things, inviting, promising, etc. You can use the future continuous rather than will or the present continuous for the future to sound particularly polite when you ask about people's plans. For example, if you are asking about their plans because you want to ask them to do something unexpected or difficult. Compare: • Are you starting work on the room today? and • Will you be starting work on the room today? You see, I hope to use it for a meeting tomorrow. • What time are you coming to baby-sit? and • What time will you be coming to baby-sit? We have to be at the theatre by 7 o'clock. It is often possible to use going to be + ing rather than the future continuous to ask about plans in a particularly polite way: • Are you going to be starting work on the room today? Will: willingness => 11ЯПЕП
EXERCISES 14 14. 1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate verb (or verb preposition) in either the future contimuous or the present continuous for the future. In which sentences are both possible?Where lly one form is possible, consider why the other is not.(A& B) I Mary slater her work on the radio tonight 2 A recent UN report has suggested that by the year 2040, 15 per cent of the worlds population 3 Ive got a job in Stockholm so I there for the next two years 4 I can't believe it. Dave and sarah. married You can have my old boots if you like. Now that I've got a new pair I agaIn. 6 The council road repairs over the next two days 7 Most of my family to our wedding next month 8 We have a slight delay because of the poor weather, but we off as soon possible 14.2 Choose a verb that can complete both sentences in the pair. Use will/won't(+ infinitive)in one sentence and the future continuous(will/won't be+-ing) in the other.(A c open 「y 1 a matsuki their first factory in Europe next year b Here, give me the bottle. I it for you 2 a Keno. to win his third gold medal in the next Olympics to get over to see you, but I've got a very busy weekend coming to the dentist. He simply refuses to make an appointment b I to the party, I'm afraid; I have to be in Spain that weekend 4 a 'How old is he?Ive no idea but lm sure he b In this programme I you how to cook duck in a lemon sauce 5 a It's odd to think that this time tomorrow we to madrid nowhere without first looking at a road map 6 a I won't have time to meet you next weekend, Im afraid. I the school timetable for next year b Perhaps John the games at the party. I'll ask him. He's good at that sort of 14.3 Ask about people's plans in a polite way. Use Will you be-ing.?D) I You want to use the computer. David is using it now will you be using the computer for long for much longer? You want some things from the supermarket. Ann is just leaving the house 3 You are going to see a film with Jo, who has a car. A lift would be nicer than the bus 4 You want to buy Jack's car but you don, t know whether he plans to sell it. 14.4 Look in your diary and make some sentences about your definite future plans. Use either the future continous or the present continuous. (A-C) Example: I'u be going to university in Septembe I'm leaving for Prague on the 25th
UNIT EXERCISES 14 14.1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate verb (or verb + preposition) in either the future continuous or the present continuous for the future. In which sentences are both possible? Where only one form is possible, consider why the other is not. (A&B) 1 Mary Slater her work on the radio tonight. 2 A recent UN report has suggested that by the year 2040, 15 per cent of the world's population malaria. 3 I've got a job in Stockholm so I there for the next two years. 4 I can't believe it. Dave and Sarah married. 5 You can have my old boots if you like. Now that I've got a new pair I them again. 6 The council road repairs over the next two days. 7 Most of my family to our wedding next month. 8 We have a slight delay because of the poor weather, but we off as soon as possible. 14.2 Choose a verb that can complete both sentences in the pair. Use will/won't (+ infinitive) in one sentence and the future continuous (will/won't be + -ing) in the other. (A & C) drive go open organise tell try 1 a Matsuki their first factory in Europe next year. b Here, give me the bottle. I it for you. 2 a Keno to win his third gold medal in the next Olympics. b I to get over to see you, but I've got a very busy weekend coming up. 3 a Sam to the dentist. He simply refuses to make an appointment. b I to the party, I'm afraid; I have to be in Spain that weekend. 4 a 'How old is he?' 'I've no idea, but I'm sure he you if you ask him.' b In this programme I you how to cook duck in a lemon sauce. 5 a It's odd to think that this time tomorrow we to Madrid. b He anywhere without first looking at a road map. 6 a I won't have time to meet you next weekend, I'm afraid. I the school timetable for next year. b Perhaps John the games at the party. I'll ask him. He's good at that sort of thing. 14.3 Ask about people's plans in a polite way. Use Will you be -ing...? (D) 1 You want to use the computer. David is using it now. Will you be using the computer -for long / -for mucli longer? 2 You want some things from the supermarket. Ann is just leaving the house. 3 You are going to see a film with Jo, who has a car. A lift would be nicer than the bus. 4 You want to buy Jack's car but you don't know whether he plans to sell it. 14.4 Look in your diary and make some sentences about your definite future plans. Use either the future continuous or the present continuous. (A-C) Example: I'll be gowg to university In September. I'm leaving -for Prague on tlie 2.5th. 29
15 be 10+ infinitive(lam toO), Tuture perTect will have done), and future perfect continuous( will have been doing) Bettini Be to t infinitive is used to talk about formal or official arrangements, formal instructions, and to give orders. It is particularly common in news reports to talk about future events not to be left leave the school unsupervised inthe without my museum The medcine isto be taken We only use be to infinitive to talk about things that can be controlled by people We don' t know where the meteorite is going toland. (not. the meteorite is to land. I suppose we will all dieeventually. (not. we are all to die. B We often use be to t infinitive in //-clauses to say that something must take place first (in the main clause)before something else can take place (in the //-clause) If humans are to survive as a species, we must address environmental issues now The law needs to be revised //justice is to bedone. (passive form) Compare the use of be to infinitive and the present simple for the future in //-clauses 9 .Jones needs to improve his technique//he is to win gold at the next Olympics. and Future perfect We use the future perfect to say that something will be ended, completed or achieved by a particular point in the future(see also Unit 18B) Let's hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island. Although people are now angry about what he did, I'm sure that his behaviour will soon have been forgotten. (= passive form) By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom Notice that we can use other modal verbs instead of will to talk about the future in a less certain By the time you get home I will/ may/should have cleaned the house Future perfect continuous We can use the future perfect continuous to emphasise how long something has been going on by a particular point in the future On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years In sentences with the future perfect continuous we usually mention both the particular point in the future(On Saturday. 'Next year.. ") and the period of time until this point(. fora year, for 20 years"). Notice that we don' t usually use the future perfect continuous with verbs describing states(see Unit 2) Next month I will have known Derek for 20years will have been knowing.)
be 10 + inTinmve (i am ю aoj, тишге регтеих (I will have done), and future perfect continuous (I will have been doing) Be to + infinitive Be to + infinitive is used to talk about formal or official arrangements, formal instructions, and to give orders. It is particularly common in news reports to talk about future events. Children are not to be left unsupervised in the museum. You are not to leave the school without my permission. The medicine is to be taken after meals. We only use be to + infinitive to talk about things that can be controlled by people: • We don't know where the meteorite is going to land, (not ...the meteorite is to land.) • I suppose we will all die eventually, (not ...we are all to die...) | D We often use be to + infinitive in //-clauses to say that something must take place first (in the main clause) before something else can take place (in the //-clause): • //humans are to survive as a species, we must address environmental issues now. • The law needs to be revised //justice is to be done, (passive form) Compare the use of be to + infinitive and the present simple for the future in //-clauses: • Jones needs to improve his technique //he is to win gold at the next Olympics, and • Jones has said that he will retire from athletics //he wins gold at the next Olympics. Future perfect We use the future perfect to say that something will be ended, completed, or achieved by a particular point in the future (see also Unit 18B): a • Let's hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island. • • Although people are now angry about what he did, I'm sure that his behaviour will soon have been forgotten. (= passive form) • By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. Notice that we can use other modal verbs instead of will to talk about the future in a less certain way: • By the time you get home I will/may/should have cleaned the house... Future perfect continuous We can use the future perfect continuous to emphasise how long something has been going on by a particular point in the future: • On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year. • Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years. In sentences with the future perfect continuous we usually mention both the particular point in the future ('On Saturday...', 'Next year...') and the period of time until this point ('...for a year', '...for 20 years'). Notice that we don't usually use the future perfect continuous with verbs describing states (see Unit 2): • Next month I will have known Derek for 20 years, (not ...will have been knowing...)
EXERCISES 15 15.1 Choose a verb to complete the sentences. Use be to infinitive ifpossible, and will infinitive if appear arrive become fit I A man in court today after a car he was driving killed two pedestrians 2 The danger is that the bacteria more resistant to antibiotics over time 3 The Environment Department has announced that it 2,000 jobs out of the 4 When the news is broken to him he both upset and angry his week on the new Thames bridge 6 The Business Information Group said today that Brian Murdoch as its executive director 7 We are all hoping that warmer weather. 8 No more than six people round the table comfortably 15.2 Here are some newspaper extracts. What verb do you think has been removed from the if. and with what form-be to infinitive or present simple? Choose front the following verbs bring collapse compare elect fail flourish improve operate rise 1 We recognise the urgent need to improve international economic performance if we sustainable benefits to millions faced with poverty. /" 2) The allocation of much-needed additional resources is necessary if we the range of provisions for all children regardless of their ability. r 3(IfJohn in the vote next week, he will have to work with whoever the party chooses as its deputy leader. A/Middle managers are being retrained for the new information skills) heywill need if they effectively b( An all-out trade war seems likely if the tw to agree at tomorrows meetin as a community, must find better 5.3 Complete the sentence with either the future perfect or the future perfect continuous for each ation. (C D) 7 Simon started to learn Spanish when he was 25. He is still learning Spanish When He's 40 he will have been leaning Spanish for 15 years 2 Every day, Peter eats three bars of chocolate on the way home from school Before He gets home from school tonight Peter So many people enter the New York Marathon that the last runners start several minutes after the ones at the front By the time tHe last runners start, the ones at the front 4 I started writing this book 3 years ago next month 5 The company is spending $5 million on developing the software before it goes on sale By tHe time tHe software goes on sale, tHe company 6 I'm going to paint the front door today. I'll finish it before you get back WHen you get back, I 31
EXERCISES 15.1 Choose a verb to complete the sentences. Use be to + infinitive if possible, and will + infinitive if not. (A) appear arrive become begin feel fit move resign 1 A man in court today after a car he was driving killed two pedestrians. 2 The danger is that the bacteria more resistant to antibiotics over time. 3 The Environment Department has announced that it 2,000 jobs out of the capital. 4 When the news is broken to him, he both upset and angry. 5 Work this week on the new Thames bridge. 6 The Business Information Group said today that Brian Murdoch as its executive director. 7 We are all hoping that warmer weather soon. 8 No more than six people around the table comfortably. 15.2 Here are some newspaper extracts. What verb do you think has been removed from the if-clause, and with what form - be to + infinitive or present simple? Choose front the following verbs. (B) bring collapse compare elect fail flourish improve operate rise We recognise the urgent need to improve international economic performance if we, sustainable benefits to millions faced with poverty., 2 j The allocation of much-needed additional resources is necessary if we. the range of provisions for all children regardless of their ability. i {If John in the vote next week, he will have to work with , whoever the party chooses as its deputy leader. /Middle managers are being retrained for the new information skills'* ,they will need if they effectively. b / An all-out trade war seems likely if the two Presidents to agree at tomorrow's meeting. UNIT 15 'The European Union, if it as a community, must find better ways of consulting its citizens. 15.3 Complete the sentence with either the future perfect or the future perfect continuous for each situation. (C & D) 1 Simon started to learn Spanish when he was 25. He is still learning Spanish. VWien He's 40 He will Hove been Leamuag SpanlsH -for 15 years. 2 Every day, Peter eats three bars of chocolate on the way home from school. Before He gets Home -from school tonlgHt Peter... 3 So many people enter the New York Marathon that the last runners start several minutes after the ones at the front. By tHe time tHe Lost runners start, tHe ones at tHe -front... 4 I started writing this book 3 years ago next month. By next montH I... 5 The company is spending $5 million on developing the software before it goes on sale. By tHe tune tHe so-ftware goes on sale, tHe company... 6 I'm going to paint the front door today. I'll finish it before you get back. WHen you get bock, I... 31