History of Materials S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications ,器样代 作制多时代 线器时代 电f材时代 象上学增 冯端，师昌绪， 刘治国主编 材料导论 化学工业出版社，2002年5月第一版 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 ©X.J.Jin Introduction
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Introduction 冯端，师昌绪，刘治国主编 材料导论 化学工业出版社，2002年5月第一版 History of Materials
History of Materials S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Stone Age (35,0007eams)） Aramid Fibers. Bronze Age Carbon (1.800 Yeas) Iron Age Polymer Age (3300Yeas) (-50 Years) Concrete/Steel (~60 Years) Silicon Age (35 Years) 子 8 Fibers 6 Composites 4 2 Information Age 正 wood. Cast Stone Bronze Iron Steel Aluminium (15 Vears) YEAR 1800 19002000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1000 1900 1960 1990 2010 BC AD SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2006©X.J.Jin Introduction
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Introduction History of Materials
传统材料在国民经济中的地位与可持续发展(2) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications cn 汽车用钢，特别是多相钢 40- TRIP steels M.Militger,Science,2002. 298:975. 30- DP steels Martensitic 20 steels Conventional steels The weight fraction of steel 300 500700900110013001500 and iron in an average family Tensile strength(MPa) car has decreased from 74% in 1978 to 67%in 1997.Yet Ductility-strength relationship of steels.As tensile strength increases,corventional steels over the same time period, show a decrease in elongation to failure,which is a measure of formability;that is,the higher its that of high-strength steels strength,the less formable is the steeL Dual- has risen from 4%to 9% phase(DP)and TRIP steels deviate from this gen- eral rule by combining high strength with signifi- cantly higher elongation values than those of conventional steels of the same strength leveL SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Introduction 传统材料在国民经济中的地位与可持续发展（2） M. Militger, Science, 2002, 298: 975. 汽车用钢，特别是多相钢 The weight fraction of steel and iron in an average family car has decreased from 74% in 1978 to 67% in 1997. Yet over the same time period, that of high-strength steels has risen from 4% to 9%
The four elements of materials science and S.J.T.U. engineering Phase Transformation and Applications Performance Properties Synthesis/ Processing Structure/ Composition SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2006©X.J.Jin Introduction
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Introduction The four elements of materials science and engineering Performance Structure/ Composition Synthesis/ Processing Properties
tructural Level Standard Technique 样品制备 MM S.J.T Phase ications Unaided eye Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Optical microscope Field Ion Microscope(FIM)and Scanning Tunneling Microscopes(STM) 表面？ Structure Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 ©X.J.Jin Introduction
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Introduction Structural Level Standard Technique Unaided eye Optical microscope Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Field Ion Microscope (FIM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) Structure 样品制备 表面？