现在完成时讲解 的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间 基本结构:助动词 have/has+过去分词(done) 段), sInce(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. 句型: ①for+时段 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. ②snce+过去一个时间点(译为:自从…以来 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ③ sInce+时段+ago 简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has(肯定) ④ since+从句(过去时) No,主语+ haven' t/hasn't否定) ⑥Itis+时段+ sInce+从句〔过去时) 用法 Mary has been ill for three days (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 i have lived here since 1998 响或结果 四. has gone(to), has been(to), has been(in)的区别 I have spent all of my money( so far)(合含义是:现在 Have/ Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场) 我没有钱花了) Where is your father He has gone to Shanghai Guo zijun has( just/already)come.(含义:郭子君现在在 Have/Has been(to):去过(已不在去过的地方) 这儿) ly father has been to Shanghai. My father has gone to work含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿) Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的持续到现在 ly father has been in Shanghai for two months. Isin ce two months ago
现在完成时讲解 一． 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done) 二． 句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在 我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在 这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在 的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间 段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四． has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sin ce two months ago
五,现在完成时的标志 She has passed the exams far.到目前为止她已经通过了考 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以试 下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下 *以a1 ready,just和yet为标志 去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手进 He has already got her help..他已得到她的帮助。 一步学习现在完成时 He has just seen the film他刚刚看过这场电影 ①for+时段② since+过去一个时间点(过去从句) He hasn’ t come back yet.他还没有回来。 为标志 *以ever和 never为标志 This is the best film i have ever seen..这是我曾经看过的最好注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterd 的一部电影 ay, ast week, three years ago等;2)不能与when连用2现在 He has never been to beijing.他从没有到过北京。 完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 *以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USa three times.他说他已经去,过去分词 过美国三次了。 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词 *以 so far(到目前为止)为标+ efore 的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京 (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed
五．现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以 下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以 ever 和 never 为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好 的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去 过美国三次了。 * 以 so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考 试。 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下 去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进 一步学习现在完成时。 * ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句） 为标志 注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterd ay,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when连用 2.现在 完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 六．过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词 的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed
work---worked--worked visit---visited---visited (2)、以“e"结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d" live---lived--lived putput put (3)、以“辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,将"y"变为"”,再 et setset shut shut shut study--studied---studied, cry---cried---cried spread spread spread (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音 read read read read原形发音为/d过去式和过去分词发音为 字母,再加“ed"。 stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped AAB型 2、不规则动词 beat beat be aten AAA型 ABA型 原型过去式过去分词 become became become burst burst burst hurthurthurt let let let run ran run cast cast cast come came come cost cost cost 特殊情况 cut cut cut ABB型 hit hit hit bring brought brought
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音 字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA 型 原型 过去式 过去分词 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread read read read read 原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为 /red/ AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 ABB 型 bring brought brought
buy bought bought shoot shot shot build built built sit satsat burn burnt burnt stand stoodstood catch caught caught sweep swept swept dig dug dug teach taught taught feel felt felt tell toldtold fight foughtfought think thought thought find found found win won won hear heard heard ABC型 hold heldheld begin began begun keep kept kept blow blew blown lay laid laid break broke broken lead ledled choose chose chosen lose lost lost draw drew drawn make made made drive drove driven meet met met drink drank drunk sell soldsold fly flew flown
buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven buy----have borrow ----keep forget forgot forgotten comelarrive/reach/get to-----be in freeze froze frozen go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish---be over open----be open close ----be closed know knew known die---.be dead ride rode ridden ★1have代替buy rise rose risen ly brother has had不能用 has bought) this bike for a ring rang rung Most four years. shake shook shaken ★2、用keep或have代誉 borrow Sing sang sung I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite sink sank sunk a few days. ★3、用be誊代 become throw threw thrown How long has your sister been a teacher? rite wrote written ★4用 have a cold代替 catch a cold 七,瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go, leave,join…)不能 Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday 直接与 for since连用。要改变动词 ★5、用wear代替 put on
forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written 七． 瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能 直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词 buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over open----be open close -----be closed die----be dead ★1.have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for a lmost four years. ★2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用 wear 代替 put on