催化 Enhancing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed Heterogeneous catalysis Without Catalyst in a phase different catalyst from the reactants and products Homogeneous catalysis Catalyst in the same phase as 2 the reactants and products Products Enzyme catalysis pecialized proteins
1 1 催化
均相催化 Chiral Mn(lll) complex Molecules in solution Advantages Good control of catalyst t-Bu structure and composition B I-Bu High activity and selectivity can be achieved Enantioselective Epoxidation · Disadvantages: Difficult separation of products oN and catalyst Limited variation in TOF =6.9s-1 Sel= 95% T=0°C temperature Luo et a.J. Catal.287(2012)170-17
2 2 均相催化
异相催化 High surface area solids Ru-based ammonia synthesis catalyst · Advantages: 5nm Easy separation of products from catalyst Good for flow reactors Large variation in temperature and pressure possible Dis sadvantages Complex structure Hansen et al., Science 294, 1508(2001) Limited control of catalyst structure
3 3 异相催化
酶催化 Highly specialized proteins Nitrogenase High activity in many cases gh specificity Controls all chemical processes in living organisms · Homogenous or heterogeneous? Schindelin et al., Nature 387, 370(1997)
4 4 酶催化
催化的应用 Fertilizer Gasoline OIL Pharmaceuticals oe ndclutcom Plastics image mayomedcinedlog cor Image wiped CD
5 5 催化的应用