Nucleus (protons neutrons) Volume around nucleus occupied by orbiting electrons (占有)
(占有)
1.2 Electron configuration of Atoms 原子的电子构型 Quantum mechanics: describes electron energies and locations by a wave equation Wave function solution of wave equation Each wave function is an orbital(轨道)y a plot of y 2 describes where electron most likely to be Electron cloud has no specific boundary so we show most probable area
1.2 Electron configuration of Atoms 原子的电子构型 • Quantum mechanics: describes electron energies and locations by a wave equation – Wave function solution of wave equation – Each wave function is an orbital(轨道),y • A plot of y 2 describes where electron most likely to be • Electron cloud has no specific boundary so we show most probable area
Probability distribution(y 2)for an electron in a 1s orbital
Probabili Probability distribution (y 2 ) for an electron in a 1s orbital
p Orbitals are shaped like dumbells There are three p orbitals y A 2pr orbital A 2py orbital A 2p z orbital Three 2p orbitals 92004 Thomson/Brooks Cole
• p Orbitals are shaped like dumbells. • There are three p orbitals
Orbitals and Shells Orbitals are grouped in shells of increasing size and energy Different shells contain different numbers and kinds of orbitals Each orbital can be occupied by two electrons First shell contains one s orbital, denoted Is, holds only two electrons Second shell contains one s orbital (2s )and three p orbitals 2p), eight electrons Third shell contains an s orbital (3s), three p orbitals(3p), and five d orbitals (3d), 18 electrons Brd shell 3d书井书抖 (capacit 3p井 ↓y-18 electrons,3s 2nd shell 2p井井井 (capacity-8 electrons) sit Ist shell (capacity-2 electrons//
Orbitals and Shells • Orbitals are grouped in shells of increasing size and energy • Different shells contain different numbers and kinds of orbitals • Each orbital can be occupied by two electrons • First shell contains one s orbital, denoted 1s, holds only two electrons • Second shell contains one s orbital (2s) and three p orbitals (2p), eight electrons • Third shell contains an s orbital (3s), three p orbitals (3p), and five d orbitals (3d), 18 electrons