D)Extrapulmonary disease ①CNS ② Respiratory muscles ③ Chest wall and pleura
1)Extrapulmonary disease ①CNS: ②Respiratory muscles: ③Chest wall and pleura:
2)Intrinsic disease PUlmonary elastic structure Chronic bronchitis arete smoke (2 Alveolar surfactant substance+
2)Intrinsic disease ①Pulmonary elastic structure ②Alveolar surfactant substance
Function of surfactant substances 1. Reduces surface tension 2. Increases compliance, stabilize alveoli Keep alveoli dry Prevent pulmonary edema
1. Reduces surface tension 2. Increases compliance, stabilize alveoli Keep alveoli dry; Prevent pulmonary edema Function of surfactant substances
3)Blood gas change PACO2 PAO2=PiO 2 R PO PO in alveoli Pio,: PO2 in inhaling aIr PaCO2: PCO2 in alveoli R: respiratory quotient
3)Blood gas change PACO2 PAO2=PiO2 − ———— R PAO2 P O2 in alveoli PiO2 ： PO2 in inhaling air PACO2 ：PCO2 in alveoli R：respiratory quotient
PCO in alveoli 0.863×Vc02 PaCO2=PaCO, A PCO Pco, in alveoli Vco2: CO2 production/min A: alveolar ventilation volume
PCO2 in alveoli 0.863Vco2 PaCO2= PACO2 = —————— VA – PACO2 ： PCO2 in alveoli – Vco2：CO2 production/min – VA ：alveolar ventilation volume