Causes-Misconceptions In ancient times, birth defects were seen as warnings or punishments from the gods In some parts of the world, it was believed that unsatisfied wish of a pregnant woman will cause a birth mark
Causes-Misconceptions In ancient times, birth defects were seen as warnings or punishments from the gods In some parts of the world, it was believed that unsatisfied wish of a pregnant woman will cause a birth mark
Causes-The Truth Faulty genes can cause birth defects Gene mutations, Chromosome aberration o Adverse environment Exposure to chemical, physical and biological factors Interactions between genes and environment Unknown Mare penne
Causes-The Truth Faulty genes can cause birth defects Gene mutations, Chromosome aberration Adverse environment Exposure to chemical, physical and biological factors Interactions between genes and environment Unknown
Example of Exposures Thalidomide Perhaps the most notorious case of a drug that caused defects It was brought on to the market first in West Germany by the company Grunenthal after inadequate testing Treat pregnancy reaction like sickness but cause limb defects THE THALIDOMIDE FILE
Example of ExposuresThalidomide Perhaps the most notorious case of a drug that caused defects It was brought on to the market first in West Germany by the company Grünenthal after inadequate testing Treat pregnancy reaction like sickness but cause limb defects
Other Examples Tetracycline may affect the long bones and teeth Anticonvulsant medicines for epilepsy may cause hare lip, limbs defects, and CHDs Moderate alcohol use in pregnancy may cause subtle brain damage to the developing fetus Smoking during pregnancy may cause events like premature delivery and low birth weight The rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus which causes German measles, can cross the placenta and cause a range of defects Cytomegalovirus can also causes birth defects Herpes simplex causes heart defects and deafness( 4weeks 61%, 5-8weeks 26%,9-1Oweeks 6%) Bacteria such as salmonella, present in undercooked meat (especially chicken), and listeria(found in some cheeses), can cause problems for the continuation of the pregnancy Parasite Toxoplasma can cross the placenta, leading to hydrocephalus or chorioretiniti X-rays and radiation may affect the baby's central nervous system
Other Examples Tetracycline may affect the long bones and teeth Anticonvulsant medicines for epilepsy may cause hare lip, limbs defects, and CHDs Moderate alcohol use in pregnancy may cause subtle brain damage to the developing fetus Smoking during pregnancy may cause events like premature delivery and low birth weight The rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus which causes German measles, can cross the placenta and cause a range of defects Cytomegalovirus can also causes birth defects Herpes simplex causes heart defects and deafness (4weeks 61%, 5-8weeks 26%, 9-10weeks 6%) Bacteria such as salmonella, present in undercooked meat (especially chicken), and listeria (found in some cheeses), can cause problems for the continuation of the pregnancy Parasite Toxoplasma can cross the placenta, leading to hydrocephalus or chorioretinitis X-rays and radiation may affect the baby’s central nervous system
Vulnerabilities At various Development Stages Embryonic Period (in weeks) Fetal Period (in weeks)-Full Term 5671 1620638 .Indicates common site of Heart Lower limbs Prenatal Death Structural Abnormalties Physiological Defects and M actural Al
Vulnerabilities At Various Development Stages