不同pH时氨基酸以不同的离子化形式存在: COOH COo cOo OH + OH H3N一c一H H c—H +H +h R R 正离子 两性离子 负离子 氨基酸所带静电荷为“零”时,溶液的pH值称为该氨基 酸的等电点( isoelectric point),以p表示
不同pH时氨基酸以不同的离子化形式存在: H3 N C H COOH R H3 N C H COO R - + + + H + + OH - + H + + OH - H2 N C H COO R - 正离子 两性离子 负离子 氨基酸所带静电荷为“零”时,溶液的pH值称为该氨基 酸的等电点(isoelectric point),以pI表示
实验证明在等电点时,氨基酸主要以两性离子形式存在,但也有 少量的而且数量相等的正、负离子形式,还有极少量的中性分子。 COOH H2N--C-H R COOH COo I cOo H3N一c一H —-1H C-H H2N-C一H R R R 当溶液的pH=p时,氨基酸主要从两性离子形式存在。 pHpl时,氨基酸主要以正离子形式存在。 pApl时,氨基酸主要以负离子形式存在
实验证明在等电点时,氨基酸主要以两性离子形式存在,但也有 少量的而且数量相等的正、负离子形式,还有极少量的中性分子。 当溶液的pH=pI时,氨基酸主要从两性离子形式存在。 pH<pI时,氨基酸主要以正离子形式存在。 pH>pI时,氨基酸主要以负离子形式存在。 H3 N C H COOH R H3 N C H COO R - + + H2 N C H COO R - H2 N C H COOH R
3.氨基酸的酸碱滴定曲线 Henderson- Hasselbalch方程 酸碱滴定曲线 质子受体] pHpKa+ lg CHCOO [质子供体 [CH3 COOH]=[CH3 CO0] Figure The titration curve of acetic acid After the addition of each increment of Naoh to the acetic acid solution, the ph of the mixture is H 5E TpH 5.26 measured. This value is plotted against the fraction Buffering region of the total amount of Naoh required to neutralize pH 4.26 the acetic acid (i.e., to bring it to pH=7). The points so obtained yield the titration curve Shown pH=pK=4.76 in the boxes are the predominant ionic forms at the points designated. At the midpoint of the titration the concentrations of the proton donor and proton CH COOH acceptor are equal. The ph at this point is numeri cally equal to the pk, of acetic acid. The shaded zone is the useful region of buffering power 0.5 1.0 OH(equivalents)
3.氨基酸的酸碱滴定曲线 Henderson-Hasselbalch方程 pH=pKa + lg [质子受体] [质子供体] 酸碱滴定曲线
NH3 NH NHe CH2 CH? CH2 COOH COO COO K2=9.60 Figure The titration curve of 0. 1 M glycine at 25 C The ionic species predominating at key points in the titration are shown above the grap The shaded boxes, centered about pK:=2.34 and pl=597 oK2=9.60, indicate the regions of greatest buffer- ing power. K1=234 0.5 OH(equivalents)
COOH COO COO COO COOH COO H3 N-CH HN一CH H N-CH HoN--CH H9N-CH HaN--CH H3N-CH H2N-CH CHg CHy CH, CH CH COOH COOH COo COO HH 10 10 pk2=9.17 8 KR=4.25 pK1=2.19 2px=18 1.0 OH"(equivalents) Figure The titration curves of(a) glutamate and(b)histidine. The pka of the R group is desig