The discovery of the ozone hole The British Antarctic Survey has been monitoring for many years, the total column ozone levels at its base at Halley bay in the antarctica Monitoring data indicate that column ozone levels have been decreasing since 1977. This observation was later confirmed by satellite

Whether and climate Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, humidity, winds and precipitation Climate is defined as the average weather over various time periods ranging from a few weeks to decades to geological timescales Whether and climate are ultimately determined by location, topography, and the exchange of radiant energy between the Sun, Earth, and space

Greenhouse Glass the material lass transmits Glass absorbs and redirects the longer wavelengths of·nerg Remined longer-wavelength infrard ndation that greenhouse is a made of, 1)transmit \ greenhouse affect short-wavelength visible light, 2)

Air quality and particles Epidemiological(流行病学) evidence associates atmospheric particles with diseases and mortality Particles penetrate the lungs, blocking and irritating aIr passages. Particles themselves could exert toxic effects. ( toxic substances present in the particles [polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are examples of toxic substances in aerosols.]

Cloud albedo forcing: Cooling Shortwave Radiation The shortwave ays from the Sun are scattered in a cloud; many of the rays return to space. The resulting\cloud albedo forcing taken by itself

Good Ozone and Bad Ozone Stratospheric ozone protect lives on Earth from harmful effects of UV radiation. .Iropospheric ozone: Causing respiratory distress and eye irritation Destroying plants Producing cracks in rubber Ozone is a strong oxidant, reacts with molecules containing C=C double bonds, forming epoxides

Major inorganic gaseous pollutants Carbon monoxide(co) Sulfur dioxide (S02) Nitrogen Oxide(NO, NO2) NOX=NO+NO2 Ozone(03)

Water vapor in the air The volume of Water vapor is variable, depending on temperature, precipitation, rate of evaporation and other factors at a particular location The percentage of water vapor ranges from 0.1- 5%. Generally it is 1-3%(the 3rd most abundant constituents in the air)

The atmosphere The atmosphere is a thin blanket of gas that envelops the earth The gases that make up the atmosphere are held close to the earth by the pull of gravity With increasing distance from the earth's surface, the temperature, density, and composition of the atmosphere gradually change

第一章 绪论 第二章 生态学基础及其在环境保护中的作用 第三章 环境污染与人体健康 第四章 大气污染与防治 第五章 水体污染与防治 第六章 固体废物处理、处置与利用 第七章声学环境保护 第八章 其它物理性污染及其防治 第九章 环境保护