The activated-sludge process is now used routinely for biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. The antecedents of the activated-sludge process date back to the early 1880s to the work of Dr. Angus Smith, who investigated the aeration of wastewater in tanks and the hastening of the oxidation of the organic matter

一、基础资料 1，废水水量；10000m3/d2，废水水质：表 9－1 印染废水水质

Treatment The principal chemical unit processes used for wastewater treatment include (1) chemical coagulation, (2) chemical precipitation, (3) chemical disinfection, (4) chemical oxidation, (5) advanced oxidation processes, (6) ion exchange, and (7) chemical neutralization, scale control, and stabilization

噪声和振动有着非常密切的关系。许多噪声是由振动引起的，这种振动以弹性波的形式在空气、液体和固体介质中进行传播，分别称为气体声、液体声和固体声，通常将固体声称为振动。噪声和振动污染的控制原理十分相似：隔振的同时也起到降噪作用

Operations used for the treatment of wastewater in which change is brought about by means of or through the application of physical forces are known as physical unit operations. Because physical unit operations were derived originally from observations of the physical world, they were the first treatment methods to be used. Today, physical unit operations, as shown on Fig. 5-1, are a major part of most wastewater

如同污水和废气那样，固体废弃物主要产生于人类的生产和生活，即人类在从事工 农业生产以及交通和商业等活动中，一方面生产出有用的工农业产品的同时有一部分资 源未被有效利用而作为固体废物加入环境，如采矿业未被利用的尾矿、大米加工中未被 利用的稻壳、肉联厂排放的动物皮毛、宾馆和饭店废弃的泔脚等；

The constituents of concern found in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical, and biological methods. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit processes. Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominate are known as physical unit operations

一、 大气污染的基本概念 早在英国爱德华二世(1284～1327)年代，这位国王就曾想通过禁止使用煤来解决燃 煤产生的烟气污染问题。他曾颁布了一道法令：“无论是谁被发现燃烧煤，他就是有罪 的，都将受到杀头的惩罚”。由此可见，大气污染自古有之

Determining wastewater flowrates and constituent mass loadings is a fundamental step in initiating the conceptual process design of wastewater treatment facilities. Reliable data for existing and projected flowrates affect the hydraulic characteristics, sizing, and operational considerations of the treatment system components

一、废水的基本类型 通常废水可分为生活污水、工业废水以及城市污水三种类型。 生活污水是指由居民的生活以及公共场所(如浴池、厕所和宾馆等)所产生的废水，主 要为生活废料和人的排泄物所污染，其数量、成份和污染物质的浓度与居民的生活习惯、 条件有关。其中，从洗涤途径(厨房的洗涤池和卫生间的浴缸或淋浴器)排放的污水中污染 物含量相对较低，通常称为生活废水，属于回用的主要对象