Air at high pressure, i.e. at 25 bar or more, is required for starting main and auxiliary engines in motorships. Air at low pressure, say at 6 bar or less is required for much remote or temperature or pressure controlled equipment, for which purpose it must be clean and oil-free

There are branch pipes to the separators and occasionally to the settling tanks (blanked). Other branch pipes lead to the deck filling lines (also blanked) so that the oil can be discharged ashore

In motorships the oil, after passing through main and motion bearings and oil-cooled pistons, etc., is either retained in the bedplate or flows by gravity to a sump tank. In either case, the oil pumps, which may be self￾priming, submerged centrifugal or rotary positive displacement, draw the oil through magnetic strainers and discharge to: filters - oil coolers - engine lubricating and/or cooling manifolds

In motorships there are two main circuits, one salt , one fresh. The salt circuit is: sea inlet box (seachest) - pump(s) - f.w. coolers in series (first LT then HT) – turbo blower aftercoolers in parallel (if any) – provision condenser in parallel (if any) - overboard

Provide for data logging, remote control and automatic action-pneumatic electro￾pneumatic, and electronic equipment, self￾regulating apparatus, etc. The chapter will give a general instruction above system and function. The other chapters of the book focus on the oil handling devices onboard

这本《航海学习题集》是面向航海类船舶驾驶专业学员，配合郭禹教授主编的高等学校 统编教材《航海学》特别编写的。其目的是给学员选择恰当的课后习题，同时，帮助学员更 好地理解教材内容，举一反三，融汇贯通。 习题集按教材章节顺序编写，基本上涉及到了主要知识点。考虑近年来港监考试和学生 结业考试题型的特点，适当地增加了选择题的份量，包括思考题、问答题、计算题和选择题 多种题型

（一） 车辆轮轴型式和荷载 公路路面设计中，通常用轮组系数和轴数系数来考虑车辆的轮数和轴数。 机场道面设计中，通常以使用该机场的主要飞机的最大起飞质量作为计算依据

一．本课程的目的和意义 本课程为公路、城市道路机场工程方向的硕士研究生学位课程。通过本课程的学习， 学生应掌握路面设计的基本原理、世界各国使用的主要方法，初步了解本学科前沿动向和 学科发展趋势

一．概念 1．道路与其它土木建筑在考虑气候与环境时的区别道路是露天建筑物道路是线型建筑，涉及的范围较大

参加此专题研究的有七个省、四院校，共计十一个单位，重点对十种半刚性材料和沥青 混合料进行了测试和研究工作，根据这些资料汇总取得下列成果