本章重点：1.杆件的均匀加热、冷却过程的变形与应力 2.长板条在不均匀温度场作用下的变形与应力 3.焊接残余变形 4.预防和矫正残余变形的方法 5.焊接残余应力 6.焊接残余应力的调节及消除措施 本章难点：1.杆件的均匀加热、冷却过程的变形与应力 2.长板条在不均匀温度场作用下的变形与应力 3.焊接残余变形 4.焊接残余应力

• 本章重点：1.焊接温度场 2.焊接规范的选择 3.焊接规范对焊缝形状的影响 4.焊接接头形式及焊缝代号 • 本章难点：1.焊接温度场的影响及分布 2.焊接规范选择及对焊缝形状的影响

1.焊接基本概念及与其它连接方式的比较； 2. 焊接的发展史及趋势； 3. 焊接的种类、焊接设备

过程装备焊接结构 绪论 一、焊接接头与焊接变形 二、焊接规范与应力 三、焊接接头的焊接断裂焊接 四、强度计算失效与防治结构设计

HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK SYNTHESIS 1: TARGETING OBJECTIVES: 1 Determine the minimum energy inputs required for a process 2Determine the minimum number of heat exchangers required to transfer this energy 3Develop a methodology for determining where these heat exchangers should be placed in the process

ESIGN METHODOLOGY III: RECYCLE STRUCTURE OF THE PROCESS goAL-- Determine alternate recycle structures for the process based on reactor operating requirements

BASIC LEVEL II DECISIONS Choice of reaction chemistry Choice of raw material feedstocks Determination of need for vapor recycle Evaluation of economic potential for process

MAJOR PROCESS TYPES CONTINUOUS STEADYSTATE- Used for world-scale production of commodity chemicals Large, centrally located plants BATCH Used for small-scale production of high value-added chemicals JIT MINIPLANT Used for on-site production of hazardous or difficult to transport chemicals Continuous Steady-State is the dominant process type

DESIGN METHODOLOGY goaL-- Produce design for chemical plant that: Is economically acceptable and Is operable,ie., eIs safe → Is controllable Is reliable,and Is environmentally acceptable

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ESTIMATING THE PROFITABILITY OF A CHEMICAL PLANT Estimating Investment Estimating Cost of Production Profitability Evaluation Return on Investment (ROD) Payout time(Tpay) DCF Rate of Return(DCFROR) Transfer Price