CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A. Types of Material Balance Problems B. Historical Perspective CONSERVATION OF MASS A. Control volumes B. Holdup or Inventor C. Material Balance Basis D. Material balances I. PROCESSES The Concept of a process Basic processing functions C. Unit Operatic Modes of process Operations

CHEMICAL REACTOR CHARATERIZATION GOALS: Outline basic concepts Review reaction chemistry Develop basic definitions of performance Identify important reactor variables Review reaction thermodynamics

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF SIMPLE DISTILLATION COLUMNS Goals: Determine feasibility of proposed separation Estimate tray and reflux requirements Estimate column diameter and height

EQUILIBRIUM STAGED SEPARATIONS Single Stage Flash [Flash Drum] Distillation Simple Distillation Complex Distillation Non-Ideal Distillation Gas Absorption and Stripping Liquid-Liquid Extraction Multi-Effect Evaporation

SEPARATION OPERATIONS: INTRODUCTION What are separation operations? Typical applications of separation operations Physical basis for separation operations Basic types of separation operations Performance characterization of separation operations Choice of separation operations

HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN GOALS: Role of heat exchangers in chemical processing Basic concepts and terminology Types of heat exchangers Design methodology Sizing Design Rating

EQUIPMENT DESIGN: BASIC CONCEPTS GOALS: Definitions and Concepts Types of Design Design Methodology

WHATIS DESIGN??? A DESIGN IS PLAN FOR: Manufacturing an artifact refrigerator or a rug Building the mean of manufacture A factory or a chemical plant Building structure A bridge or a baseball stadium Implementing an organization A hospital emergency room A air transportation system

摘要:试验用硫酸溶解氧化铝基体,使铂得到富集而从石油催化剂中回收铂。同时,用金属铝作还原 剂,采用置换沉淀法回收部分溶解在硫酸溶液中的铂。研究了溶解温度、溶解时间、硫酸浓度和固液 比对基体溶解率的影响。当铂催化剂基体为y-A1O2时,在60mo/L硫酸、100℃、2h条件下,大约95%的氧化铝溶解。当基体为yAlO3和a-AlO3的混合物时,在4h后大约92%的氧化铝溶解。此法可回收 99%以上的铂及副产品硫酸铝

我国硝酸生产中铂金属损耗情着钯台金中钯含量的增加,回收铂金的能力愈工序,最后制成回收装置。将此回收装置顺气 硝酸的工业化生产中,通常采用铂族金属流方向直接安装在铂金网之下,便可起到回收 作催化剂使NH3氧化,而后制造硝酸。我国常铂金的作用