The status of forests: the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 ) emand has grown for a broad range of began in 1996. In that year, FAO convened an information on forests at the national and expert consultation in Kotka, Finland, where international levels. Reliable information on the some of the world's leading forest inventory status and trends o specialists provided technical advice on the scope decision-makers and implementation of FRA 2000 as well as on a orienting fores ch core set of forest-related definitions to be used in information is usef

PART I THE SITUATION AND RECENT DI NTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR Recent developments his chapter discusses some of the main issues effectiveness of forest management(see and emerging trends in the forest sector, Management, conservation and sustainable focusing largely on the last two to three years. development of forest resources, p. 6). A pilot As it is impossible to cover all nev assessment of the health of the worlds developments, notable events and significant

Foreword he State of the World's Forests reports every two years on the status of forests, recent major policy and institutional developments and key issues concerning the forest sector. This is the fourth edition of the publication, the purpose of which is to make current, reliable and policy-relevant information widely available to polic makers, foresters and other natural resource managers, academics, forest industry and civil society. Our hope is that it will facilitate informed discussion and decision making with regard to the world,s forests As we approach the benchmark year of 2002, the tenth anniversary of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), it is an opportune moment to take stock of the progress

蔬菜种植面积仅次于稻、麦的第三大作物。2003年 我国水稻种植面积为2600万公顷,产量1.6亿吨; 小麦种植面积2300万公顷,产量为0.88亿吨;蔬菜 种植面积仅1800万hm2,但总产量5.4亿吨。 ·我国常见蔬菜近50种,属于10多科。蔬菜病害总数 达500种以上,其中危害严重的有数十种

果树病害 我国地域辽阔,气候条件复杂,各地栽培的果树种类繁多,果树病害种类和发生规律各 异。 果树有苹果、梨、柑橘、葡萄、桃、李、杨 梅、板栗、柿子和枇杷等。 每种果树均可发生几十种病害。病害危害不仅影响水果产量和品质,还影响果品的出口外销

我国记载的烟草病害有近40种。 在烟草苗床期,炭疽病危害最重,其次是立 枯病和猝倒病; 在大田生长期,花叶病和黑胫病发生最普 病,危害最严重。 在高温高湿的烟草种植区,青枯病常严重发 生,并造成毁灭性危害。 此外,赤星病、蛙眼病、白粉病、根结线虫 病等在局部地区也造成一定危害

我国油料作物生产状况 我国主要油料作物有油菜、大豆、花生 和芝麻。油菜和芝麻产于长江流域各 省,大豆和花生遍及全国各地,其中大 豆的主产区在我国东北地区,花生的主 产区在山东半岛

我国是世界上重要产棉国家之一有悠久的植棉历 史和广阔植棉地区东起长江三角洲沿海棉区及辽河 流域,起迄新疆塔里木盆地西缘,南自海南,北至新 疆玛纳斯垦区均可植棉。各种棉花病害也随之遍及各 棉区。 棉花病害是制约棉花生产的重要因素。据联合国粮 农组织估计,由于病害造成的损失达24% 美国棉花病害协会19521990年的统计,因病害造 成棉花的损失年平均为13.28%

我国的杂粮作物主要有玉米、高梁、粟 及甘薯等。 在长江流域地区,玉米和甘薯的种植面 积较大,以下将分别介绍玉米和甘薯上 的重要病害

小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一,仅次于水 稻。我国年种植面积约3000万公顷,以冬麦 为主,约占80%。单产3850kg/hm2,总产1亿 吨。 病害一直是影响小麦产量和品质的严重因子 之一。全世界正式记载的小麦病害约200种, 我国发生较重的麦作病害有20多种 小麦病害的研究和控制具有重要经济和社会 意义