第一章 基数效用论和边际效用分析 第二章 序数效用论和无差异曲线分析 第三章 不确定条件下消费者行为分析

第一章 需求（demand) 第二章 供给 (supply) 第三章 市场均衡价格的决定 (equilibrium price) 第四章 弹性理论与分析（elasticity) 第五章 供求理论的应用

第一章 管理经济学的研究对象和发展现状 第二章 管理经济学的决策程序和分析方法 第三章 管理经济学的内容

Imperfect Competition Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly. Imperfect competition includes industries in which firms have competitors but do not face so much competition that they are price takers

Monopoly While a competitive firm is a price taker, amonopoly firm is a price maker. A firm is considered a monopoly if . . . – it is the sole seller of its product. – its product does not have close substitutes

The Meaning of Competition A perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: – There are many buyers and sellers in themarket

The Law of Supply Firms are willing to produce and sell agreater quantity of a good when the priceof the good is higher. This results in a supply curve that slopesupward

“The best things in life are free. . .” Free goods provide a special challenge foreconomic analysis Most goods in our economy are allocatedin markets… for these goods, prices are the signalsthat guide the decisions of buyers andsellers

Market Efficiency-Market Failure Recall that: Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” of the marketplace leads self-interested buyers and sellers in a market to maximize the total benefit that society can derive from a market

The Cost of Taxation How do taxes affect the economic well￾being of market participants? It does not matter whether a tax on a goodis levied on buyers or sellers of the good… the price paid by buyers rises, and theprice received by sellers falls