Importance of Supply-Demand Analysis A little knowledge goes a long way: Price Control, Taxation and other policies. Market welfare: Normative Analysis International Trade Externality (Market Failure) Market Power (Market Failure) Other markets: Financial Market, Labor Market. Macroeconomics

Elasticity… … is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision

The Market Forces of Supply and Demand Supply and Demand are the two wordsthat economists use most often. Supply and Demand are the forces thatmake market economies work. Modern microeconomics is about supply,demand and equilibrium

Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day: – You wake up to a alarm clock made in Wenzhou – You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Xinjiang and sewn in factories in Fujian Province

Outline The Economist as Scientist The Economist as Policy Adviser Why Economists disagree

Outline The economics of asymmetric information Political economics Behavioral economics

The Theory of Consumer Choice The theory of consumer choice addresses the following questions: – Do all demand curves slope downward? – How do wages affect labor supply? – How do interest rates affect household saving?

Differences in Earningsin the U.S. Today The typical physician earns about $200,000a year. The typical police officer earns about$50,000 a year. The typical farm worker earns about$20,000 a year

Factors of Production Factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services

Types of Imperfectly Competitive Markets Monopolistic Competition – Many firms selling products that are similar but not identical. Oligopoly – Only a few sellers, each offering a similar or identical product to the others