一、诊所血压：标准测量方式。方便，常用 二、24小时动态血压：使用国际标准的装置 三、考虑：诊所血压变化大；与自测血压相差明显；低危者；疑有治疗抵抗；研究需要

定义 除心脏瓣膜病、冠心病、高血压心脏病、肺心病和先心以外，以心肌病变为主要表现的一组疾病

The term vasculitis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized pathologically by evidence of blood vessel inflammation and clinically by a diverse set of symptoms and signs

一. Types of lupus Discoid Systemic Drug-induced

General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

DEFINITION An acute inflammatory process of the pan￾creas usually associated with sever pain in the upper abdomen in most instances, blood levels of pancrea￾tic enzymes are increased sever acute pancreatitis: organs failure and/or local complications(necrosis, absc￾ess, psuedocyst)

Summarization Definition: serum total bilirubin (STB) > 34µmol/L, causing a yellow color of skin, sclera and tissue fluid Latent icterus: an increase of STB but not more than 34µmol/L, without color changes of skin and sclera False jaundice: yellow skin and sclera but without hyperbilirubinemia, due to ingestion of some drugs and foods

一、吸烟 大于80% 的肺癌发病与吸烟有关 死亡相对危险度较不吸烟者高15-20倍 二、被动吸烟 25% 的不吸烟者肺癌与其有关

1.Definition It is directly caused by chronic alterations in pulmonary circulation or chronic chest diseases that lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension, right ventricular enlargement, even right heart failure