Figure 2 in Muratani M, Tansey WP. \How the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls transcription.\ Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar; 4(3): 192-201. Regulation of TCR by ubiquitylation of RNA polymerase II. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR)is the mechanism through which mutations in actively transcribed genes are preferentially repaired. a Elongating RNA polymerase II (pol II)

Images removed due to copyright considerations See Fig. 2 in David J. Katzmann, Greg Odorizzi Scott D. Emr RECEPTOR DOWNREGULATION AND MULTIVESICULAR-BODY SORTING Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, 893-905(2002); doi: 10.1038/nrm973 See Fig. 7 in: Katzmann DJ, Stefan CJ, Babst M, Emr SD

Rip: REGULATED INTRAHENBRANE PROTEOLYSis .Site. spacifie membrae. prote2ses Substratey achivated by protcolytc procassing .. SREBP TF controlling rol metabohis IRE1 Unfolded protein response Notch APP \RoP*: REGULATED. UBiQUiTIN/PROTEASOME DEPENDENT PROCESSING\ type ERAD (ER zciakd dxgradatin) process involving proltoly'c procassing:

DISCOVERy OF THE ROLE OF UBIQUITIN IN PROTEIN DEGRADATION HISTORICAL FACTS Courtesy of Sam Griffiths-Jones. Used with permission Source: \Peptide models for protein beta-sheets hD thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001 8(1975)Ubiquitin was first isolated by Gideon Goldstein and colleagues from the thymus(reason why it was originally thought to be a thymic hormone)

《生物化学》课程PPT教学课件（实验讲稿）大蒜细胞SOD酶的提取分离与活性测定

一、核酸及蛋白质常用数据 1.核苷三磷酸的物理常数 摩尔溶液(pH70)中λmax时的最大吸

Introduction Differences of opinion will be the final blow for Avebe transgenic potato so reads the heading of a detailed backgro kground article in the Agrarisch Dagblad of Saturday 4 August 2001. This article describes the demise after ten years, of a project by the Avebe potato group which aimed to achieve large-scale cultivation of a otato

What is Chromatin remodeling Chromatin remodeling(染色质重构)isan important epigenetic mechanism. Chemical modification of the protruding histone tails by the addition of acetyl methyl or phosphate groups can alter chromatin structure, which in turn influences the activity of adjacent genes

RNA polymerase transcribes genes How is this process regulated? How is specificity achieved? Key players transcriptional activator proteins -bind to specific sites on DNA and turn on the expression of nearby genes. Two adhesive surfaces one binds DNA, the other interacts with, and recruits RNA polymerase

Muscle cells But if in the same organIsm, should have the same DNA per Nerve cells( cell Different cells have different clusters of genes active Development and differentiation of embryos is controlled by signaling molecules that alter gene expression in cells