电解水制氢(及其氢氧燃料电池)的化学半反应 current density 2H2→O2+4H+4e H2→2H+2e diffusion- Ruo platinum limited Ps‖ hydrogenase current 0 123 E(vS RHE) PtNi diffusion laccase overpotential limited current O2+4H+4e→2H2O 2H++2e→H2 Ref: M.T. M. Koper, H.A. Heering, in"Fuel Cell Science", Eds. A. Wieckowski, J.K. Norskov, Wiley, (2010) p.71-110
6 电解水制氢（及其氢氧燃料电池）的化学半反应 Ref: M.T.M. Koper, H.A. Heering, in "Fuel Cell Science", Eds. A. Wieckowski, J.K. Norskov, Wiley, (2010), p.71-110
过电势与电催化剂 Mn Oxide oER: Ir/C-20wt 6 Ru/-.% EH (1.23 0.20 EⅣvs.RHE E/(RHE) Acid Base Precious Non-precious Precious Non-precious metals metals metals metals High TOF Medium TOF Medium-High TOF Medium TOF evolution catalysts Pt metal sulfides Pt metal alloys, metal phosphides e.g. NiMo Low TOF Low TOF LOw TOF evolution No known catalysts IrO, RuO, candidates RuO Ni-Fe-Co-0. and other oxide alloys
7 过电势与电催化剂
太阳光转化效率的计算? Photovoltaic efficiency? Solar fuels, 'efficiency can be defined in many ways One must be cautious when interpreting the literature, as some definitions of efficiency( % ) do not reflect how efficiently a device would produce fuels from sunlight in commercial applications Two general types of efficiency definitions The one true indicator of device performance: Solar-to-fuel efficiency (STF),e.g. solar-to-hydrogen(STH Diagnostic efficiencies Provides information to the researcher one the fundamental physical and chemical workings of the device. a high efficiency for these measurements does not necessarily translate to high STF/STH efficiency Applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (aBpe) External quantum efficiency (EQe)= incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCe) Internal quantum efficiency (IQE)=absorbed photon-to-current efficiency(APCE 8
8 太阳光转化效率的计算？