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Intervention Intervention • Roosevelt and his successors were not bluffing. • From 1900 to 1917, American troops intervened in Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Haiti to quell civil wars, thwart (挫败) challenges to American influence, gain ports and bases, take over customs houses to control tariff revenues and government budgets, and forestall (先发制人来预防 ) European meddling (干预)
Open Door policy 3○0m 6ys⊙6.⊙0d artofmarkbryan.com
Open Door Open Door policy • 1900, Germany, France, Russia Germany, France, Russia, and Japan had secured generous “spheres of influence ” in China together with exclusive economic “concessions (割让)” to develop these areas through long–term leases and special trading privileges. • Gradually the United States had to make concessions to Japan to protect the vulnerable (脆弱的 ) Philippines and to sustain the Open Door policy ––– the principle of equal trade rights and market opportunity, which the United States had constantly pursued in China
10.2 World War I(1914-1919) Triple Alliance On June 28,1914,a member of the Black Hand,a Slavic terrorist group in Serbia 1（塞尔维 亚)，assassinated the heir to the Austro- Hungarian(奥匈帝国)throne at Sarajevo,a city in Bosnia(波斯尼亚).Austria-Hungary consulted its Triple Alliance partner Germany,which urged toughness.In late July 1914,Austria- Hungary declared war against Serbia,on the grounds that the Serbian government tolerated anti-Austrian terrorists
10.2 World War I World War I (1914–1919) Triple Alliance Triple Alliance • On June 28, 1914, a member of the Black Hand, a Slavic terrorist group in Serbia (塞尔维 亚), assassinated the heir to the Austro– Hungarian(奥匈帝国) throne at Sarajevo, a city in Bosnia(波斯尼亚). Austria–Hungary consulted its Triple Alliance partner Germany, which urged toughness. In late July 1914 July 1914, Austria– Hungary declared war against Serbia, on the grounds that the Serbian government tolerated anti–Austrian terrorists
Norway Sweden Denmark United Kingdom Netherlands Germany Russia Belgium emburg Austria-Hungary France Switzerland Romania joined 1915 Serbia Italy joined 1915 Montenegro Bulgaria joined 1915 Spain Ibanfa Portugal reee Triple Entente Central Powers Neutral Algeria Tunisia
Central v.Allied Powers When Serbia called on its Slavic friend Russia for help,Russia in turn looked to its ally France. Eventually Turkey joined Germany and Austria-Hungary,the Central Powers; Japan and Italy teamed up with Britain, France,and Russia.into the Allied Powers
Central Central v. Allied Powers • When Serbia called on its Slavic friend Russia for help, Russia in turn looked to its ally France. • Eventually Turkey joined Germany and Austria–Hungary, the Central Powers Central Powers; • Japan and Italy teamed up with Britain, France, and Russia, into the Allied Powers