Chapter 1. The Discovery of America 1.1 Native American Civilization 1.2“Discovery”of America(1492) 1.3 Spanish Adventures in the Americas (1500s) 1.4 The Spanish American Empire 1.5 The English Reformation (1534) 1.6 Raleigh's Roanoke Venture (1585) 1.7 Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)
Chapter 1. Chapter 1. The Discovery of America The Discovery of America 1.1 Native American Civilization 1.2 “Discovery” of America (1492) 1.3 Spanish Adventures in the Americas (1500s) 1.4 The Spanish American Empire 1.5 The English Reformation (1534) 1.6 Raleigh’s Roanoke Venture (1585) 1.7 Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)
1.2 Discovery of America(1492) Maritime revolution* Portuguese女 Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)* The Americas★ Columbus's“discovery”★ Zheng He and Seven Expeditions to "The Nestern Ocean”★
1.2 Discovery of America (1492) 1.2 Discovery of America (1492) Maritime revolution ★ Portuguese Portuguese ★ Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) ★ The Americas ★ Columbus’s “discovery” ★ Zheng He and Seven Expeditions to He and Seven Expeditions to “The Western Ocean Western Ocean ” ★
Maritime revolution 1 Europeans'outward thrust began in the 10th century when Norse adventurers reached North America,but their colonies collapsed eventually.As a series of crusading armies after 1096 tried to wrest Palestine from Muslim control,European attention turned eastward.A brisk trade with the Middle East began and brought silks and spices to Europe.Marco Polo (1254-1324),the most famous Western traveler,and other 13th-century merchants had even traveled overland through the silk Road to East Asia to buy directly from the Chinese.In the 14th century,Italian merchants grew rich from the spices and silk trade and used their fortunes to finance the Renaissance (1300-1650)and overseas expansion
Maritime revolution 1 • Europeans’ outward thrust began in the 10th century when Norse adventurers reached North America, but their colonies collapsed eventually. As a series of crusading armies after 1096 tried to wrest Palestine Palestine from Muslim control, European attention turned eastward. A brisk trade with the Middle East began and brought silks and spices to Europe. Marco Polo (1254–1324), the most famous Western traveler, and other 13th–century merchants had even traveled overland through the Silk Road to East Asia to buy directly from the Chinese. In the 14th century, Italian merchants grew rich from the spices and silk trade and used their fortunes to finance the Renaissance (1300–1650) and overseas expansion
SVERIGE EUROPEAN UNION SWEDEN e Faroe Islands SUOMI Trondheim FINLAND EU Member States NORGE of NORWAY Bothnia .Tampere EU New Members 2004 Helsinki Gavie. St Petersburg EU Candidates Tallinn RUSSIA ESTONIA EFTA Member States Aberdeen M03c0W。 Nations Ohline Project North Sea .Goteborg Riga LATVIA Edinburgh DANMARK DENMARK Baltic Atlantic Ocean IRELAND Sea LITHUANIA Dublin Vilniuse Kaliningtad 。Misk Liverpool Gdansk UNITED KINGDOM Rostock Celtic BELARUS Sea NETHERLANDS .Hamburg Hannover Londone Berfin. .Poznan .Warsaw DEUTSCHLAND POLAND English Channe BELGIUM GERMANY L0时p2g .Kiev 日uxelles e Havre UKRAINE .Frankfurt Prague .Krakow ●Lw CZECH REPUBLIC ●Pais Strasbourg● SLOVAKIA 。Nantes Vienna. Bratislava Munich● FRANCE Osterreich Budapest Austria Switzerland HUNGARY .Cluj-Napoca ●Bordeaux .Pecs Bay of Biscay Lyon. ROMANIA Milan. Venice CROATIA BOSNIA Constanta。 Black Bib3o章 Bucharest AND Sea HERZ在GOWI Varnae ●Poro Florence SERBIA ITALIA AND BULGARIA Adriatic MONTENEGRO ◆Sota PORTUGAL 。Madrid ITALY Barcelona Sea ASIA Lisbon ESPANIA .Rome MACEDONIA SPAIN Valencia Tyrrhenian ALBANIA Sea TURKEY ●Sevilla EA入CS Aegean个 GREECE Sea Malaga lonian Mediterranean Sea Sea Palermo 250 Km CYPAU
The Crusades:1096-1291 十字军东征(The Crusades)是在1096年到 1291年发生的九次宗教性军事行动的总称，是由 西欧基督教（天主教）国家对地中海东岸的国家 发动的战争。由于罗马天主教圣城耶路撒冷落入 伊斯兰教徒手中，十字军东征大多数是针对伊斯 兰教国家的，主要的目的是从伊斯兰教手中夺回 耶路撒冷。东征期间，教会授予每一个战士十字 架，组成的军队称为十字军。十字军东征一般被 认为是天主教的暴行，到近代，天主教已承认十 字军东征造成了基督教徒与伊斯兰教徒之间的仇 恨和敌对，是使教会声誉蒙污的错误行为
The Crusades Crusades：1096－1291 • 十字军东征（The Crusades）是在1096年到 1291年发生的九次宗教性军事行动的总称，是由 西欧基督教（天主教）国家对地中海东岸的国家 发动的战争。由于罗马天主教圣城耶路撒冷落入 伊斯兰教徒手中，十字军东征大多数是针对伊斯 兰教国家的，主要的目的是从伊斯兰教手中夺回 耶路撒冷。东征期间，教会授予每一个战士十字 架，组成的军队称为十字军。十字军东征一般被 认为是天主教的暴行，到近代，天主教已承认十 字军东征造成了基督教徒与伊斯兰教徒之间的仇 恨和敌对，是使教会声誉蒙污的错误行为