数学中国 18 The UMAP Journal 29. 2(2008) Table 1. Human resources Material resources Financial resources Tealth level HSK Health service coverage Responsiveness level DALE Disabihity-adjusted life expectancy HALE Health-adjusted life expectancy IMR equities of health equities metric Responsiveness metric FFD Fairness in financial distribution Seven aspects of responsiveness REL esources/ performance ratio Evaluation vector ength of the evaluation vector TH Total expenditure on health as of GDP GHtoPH Ratio of govemment expenditure on hea th care to private expenditure GHtoG Government expenditure on health as percentage of total government expenditure Formulas Using a similar method, we arrive at equations as follows Performance = 49 x HL + 31 x HCS+2 x RL HealthLevel=6 X DALE+4 x(1-IMRJ Responsiveness= I 7∑AP, Inequities=.4×lH+4xR+2×FFD with these formulas and our basic criterion, we easily get the evaluation vector to evaluate the effectiveness of a healthcare system. Strengths and Weaknesses The Analytical Hierarchy Process method is a good combinationof qual itative and quantitative analysis, and it gives the weights conveniently. But it possesses a certain subjectivity
数学中国 www.madio.net
数学中国w, madio,net Eualuation and improvement of Heaithcare Systems 119 Solution of task ll Modify the List of Metrics and Calculate Each In this task, we take the Us. as an example %everal small metricsBut data In Task I, we listed three total metrics and for some metrics are unavailable, so we need to modify our list of metrics. Data Disposal For the sake of consistency, we need to process the original data, which we denote as original Step 1: Find the maximum and minimum values in the whole table, denoted by Vmax and Vmia. The adjusted value is ad justed Step 2: If the metric has only one factor, we can simply use Adjusted. If the metric consists of several factors, we should give each one the weight as determined in Task I Neglected Metrics We neglect the metrics of responsiveness inequities and faimess of fi- nancial contribution because we lack data To quantify responsiveness, WHO surveyed 35 countries, giving scores in seven aspects; but data for the U.S. are absent [WHO 2007]. Thus, we delete this factor. without the metric of responsiveness, we should adjust he weights in calculating the metric Performance Performance=.613×HL+:387×HCs Selected metrics e Resources Human resources (Table 2) HR=25(physicians + nurses +dentists+pharmacists), where the numbers are measured per thousand of population. Material resources (Table 3): We choose hospital beds per 10,000 population to reflect the amount of material resources
数学中国 www.madio.net