特 慰到0 0 松 店岛 高松 松山 福岡 高知 長崎 熊本大分 宮崎 鹿兒島
12.1 Neu In October an alliance Shortly ther Germany a Soviet. ·ln1935-19 Neutrality with some r The Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis,1940 shipments a 阿道夫◆希特勒(Adolf Hitler,.1889-1945) belligerent 东条英机(Hideki Tojo,1884-1948) 贝尼托·墨索里尼(Benito Mussolini,1883-1945)
12.1 Neutrality Acts Neutrality Acts (1935–1937) • In October 1936, Italy and Germany formed an alliance called the Rome–Berlin Axis. Shortly thereafter in November 1936, Germany and Japan united against the Soviet. • In 1935–1937, Congress adopted a series of Neutrality Acts, which Roosevelt signed with some reluctance, prohibiting munition shipments and loans and credits to belligerents (交战国)
12.2 The Blitzkrieg (1939) Nanking Massacre • On July 7, 1937, the Sino–Japanese War broke out over the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. • On December 13, 1937, the Japanese Army entered the city of Nanking and, in the following six weeks, engaged in looting and mass execution that came to be known as the Nanking Massacre Nanking Massacre
Alsagebiet(Okt.1938 poln.) Finnland 令 ☐Ungarn Oberungarn (Nov.1938 ungar.) Karpato-Ukraine (Mrz.1939 ungar.) Norwegen 的 Estland Lettland Russische SFSR an Litauen Weif3- russische SSR Irland GroB- britannien und Nordirland Nieder- Polen Deutsches Belgien Reich Ukrainische SSR Tschecho- Saargebiet slowakei Oster- Ungarn Liecht reich Frankreich Schweiz Rumanien Jugoslawien Monaco S.Marino Bulgarien Andorra talien Portu- Spanien ba- Turkei gar nien Griechen- land
German Violation of The Treaty of Versailles • In 1936, Germany repudiated the Versailles Treaty, reoccupied the Rhineland, and boldly undertook large– scale rearmament. • In 1938, German troops entered Austria in yet another violation of the Treaty of Versailles
The Munich Agreement Germany Rhine land Czechoslovakia Austria
The Munich Agreement • To maintain peace, Roosevelt encouraged Neville Chamberlain and the French President, Edouard Daladier, to meet with Hitler and Mussolini in Munich, Germany. The appeasement policy (绥靖政策) reached its apex in September 1938, when the British and French leaders, without consulting the helpless Czechs (捷克人), agreed in the Munich Agreement to allow Hitler another territorial bite on the Sudetenland (苏台德区)