SNYellow River：5400kmlong56bm3annualflow,·54bm3storage:795.000km2basin.1.6BTonssedimentflux.112millionpeopleMain Factors:·Flooding:RaisedriverbedsYellowRiver (HuangHe)In1997randry226daysNowflowsallyear,butrunoffreducedQuality:55%worsethangradeVOnly20%ofreachesgradelllorbetteroLanzhouZhaling and ElingLOLEZhengzhou500km
Yellow River Main Factors: • Flooding: Raised river beds - In 1997 ran dry 226 days - Now flows all year, but runoff reduced • Quality: 55% worse than grade V - Only 20% of reaches grade III or better •56 bm3 annual flow, •54 bm3 storage •1.6 BTons sediment flux • 5400 km long • 795,000 km2 basin • 112 million people
SNNDesiccatedYellowRiverdays of the river drying in Lijin Station2502001501004250K121991年1992年1993年1994年1995年1996年1997年1998年1999年
Desiccated Yellow River 16 83 60 74 122 136 226 142 42 0 50 100 150 200 250 1991年 1992年 1993年 1994年 1995年 1996年 1997年 1998年 1999年 days of the river drying in Lijin Station
SNNChanges of River Rhine莱茵河的变化10Speciesnumberofinvertebrates8Vbwincennection1withtheoxy-6Inver-gen content of5theRninetebrates中180BRYOZOA160140INSECTS120MOLLUSCS100CRUSTACEANS8060LEECHES40TURBELLARIA20FRESH-WATER-0PORIFERA5561596111615861000z0061661
Changes of River Rhine 莱茵河的变化
AllRiversRiverwaterquality inChina中国的流域水质AsreportedbyMEP国家环保总局报告6.97.58.9900:01020396979899 00 01 02 030496 97 98 99 C0 01 02 03 049000102030488.99000102.03198.99.00.01.02.03.0RiverSouthwestermSouthem96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04Northeastem990001200网InteriorRiverWater Quality Grade:HaiGradelGrade llYellowGrade IlI97 .98.99 00.01.02 03.0HuaiGrade IVYangtzeGrade VWorsethanGradeV自SoutheastemLiao
Liao Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V Worse than Grade V All Rivers River Water Quality Grade: River w ater quality in China 中国的流域水质 As reported by MEP 国家环保总局报告 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
SNIVIVMWR“ThreeRedLines”水利部三条红线waterdevelopmentandutilisationto controlwaterquantity,通过水资源开发和利用控制水质wateruseefficiencytocurbwasteofwater提高用水效率杜绝浪费pollutantcarryingcapacityinwaterfunctionzonestostrictlycontrolpollutiondischargeloads通过水功能区纳污能力严格控制排污
MWR “Three Red Lines” 水利部三条红线 - water development and utilisation to control water quantity, 通过水资源开发和利用控制水质 - water use efficiency to curb waste of water 提高用水效率杜绝浪费 - pollutant carrying capacity in water function zones to strictly control pollution discharge loads. 通过水功能区纳污能力严格控制排污