Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MARKET DEMAND RESEARCH 1 Market Demand Research 1.1 PIS-413-Specific Market Positioning In order to know the domestic market demand,search the ranking of passenger throughput of civil aviation airport in internet. Table 1.Ranking of Passenger Throughput of Civil Aviation Airport(CHINA,2014) Ranking City Airport Ranking City Airport Name Name 1 BEIJING PEK 11 XIAMEN XMN GUANGZHOU CAN 12 CHANGSHA CSX 3 SHANGHAI PVG 13 WUHAN WUH 4 SHANGHAI SHA 14 QINGDAO TAO 5 CHENGDU CTU 15 URUMCHI URC 6 SHENZHEN SZX 16 NANJING NKG 7 KUNMING KMG 17 ZHENGZHOU CGO 8 CHONGQING CKG 18 SANYA SYX 9 XIAN XIY 19 HAIKOU HAK 10 HANGZHOU HGH 20 DALIAN DLC It is obvious that airports in Beijing (Capital Airport),Shanghai (Pudong and Hongqiao Airport),and Guangzhou (Baiyun Airport)have the largest passenger flow volume among all the airports in China.Market demand among these three cities must be tremendous.The group decided to design a wide-body specific for the transportation among these three cities.The group named this new type "Propulsion- Infinity-Skyline"(PIS-413). 1.2 Market Demand Research-Three Cities How large exactly is the market demand among Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou?Take the airlines between Beijing and Shanghai as an example.Flights available between Beijing and Shanghai on 8th May,2015 is shown in Table 2. 1
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MARKET DEMAND RESEARCH 1 1 Market Demand Research 1.1 PIS-413 — Specific Market Positioning In order to know the domestic market demand, search the ranking of passenger throughput of civil aviation airport in internet. Table 1. Ranking of Passenger Throughput of Civil Aviation Airport (CHINA, 2014) Ranking City Airport Name Ranking City Airport Name 1 BEIJING PEK 11 XIAMEN XMN 2 GUANGZHOU CAN 12 CHANGSHA CSX 3 SHANGHAI PVG 13 WUHAN WUH 4 SHANGHAI SHA 14 QINGDAO TAO 5 CHENGDU CTU 15 URUMCHI URC 6 SHENZHEN SZX 16 NANJING NKG 7 KUNMING KMG 17 ZHENGZHOU CGO 8 CHONGQING CKG 18 SANYA SYX 9 XIAN XIY 19 HAIKOU HAK 10 HANGZHOU HGH 20 DALIAN DLC It is obvious that airports in Beijing (Capital Airport), Shanghai (Pudong and Hongqiao Airport), and Guangzhou (Baiyun Airport) have the largest passenger flow volume among all the airports in China. Market demand among these three cities must be tremendous. The group decided to design a wide-body specific for the transportation among these three cities. The group named this new type “PropulsionInfinity-Skyline” (PIS-413). 1.2 Market Demand Research — Three Cities How large exactly is the market demand among Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou? Take the airlines between Beijing and Shanghai as an example. Flights available between Beijing and Shanghai on 8th May, 2015 is shown in Table 2
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MARKET DEMAND RESEARCH Table 2.Flights available between Beijing and Shanghai on 8th May,2015. Number of Number of Type(Middle/Narrow) Flight Type(Wide) Flight B737 16 A330 44 A320 6 B777 17 A321 6 B767 ? B747 3 Total 28 Total 68 The statistics show that there are 4 flights between Beijing and Shanghai per hour (on average).About 30%of them are middle or narrow size aircrafts which provide less than 200 seats.The others are wide-bodies which provides 250 to 300 seats.The frequency of flights is high while seats provided per flight is not very enough. Table 3.Distance between three supercities in China. BEIJING GUANGZHOU SHANGHAI BEIJING - 1908 1008 GUANGZHOU 1908 1308 SHANGHAI 1008 1308 The new type wide-body PIS-413 is designed to fill the vacancy of market demand between these three "supercities".Its flight range is not necessary to be very large. However,it should be able to carry more passengers than the present types. 1.3 Design Philosophy PIS-413 has the following design philosophies: (1)Not very large flight range (compared to normal wide-bodies) (2)Not very high cruise speed (3)Relatively low fuel consumption (4)Relatively small in weight (5)Larger passenger capacity
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MARKET DEMAND RESEARCH 2 Table 2. Flights available between Beijing and Shanghai on 8th May, 2015. Type(Middle/Narrow) Number of Flight Type(Wide) Number of Flight B737 16 A330 44 A320 6 B777 17 A321 6 B767 4 B747 3 Total 28 Total 68 The statistics show that there are 4 flights between Beijing and Shanghai per hour (on average). About 30% of them are middle or narrow size aircrafts which provide less than 200 seats. The others are wide-bodies which provides 250 to 300 seats. The frequency of flights is high while seats provided per flight is not very enough. Table 3. Distance between three supercities in China. BEIJING GUANGZHOU SHANGHAI BEIJING --- 1908 1008 GUANGZHOU 1908 --- 1308 SHANGHAI 1008 1308 --- The new type wide-body PIS-413 is designed to fill the vacancy of market demand between these three “supercities”. Its flight range is not necessary to be very large. However, it should be able to carry more passengers than the present types. 1.3 Design Philosophy PIS-413 has the following design philosophies: (1) Not very large flight range (compared to normal wide-bodies) (2) Not very high cruise speed (3) Relatively low fuel consumption (4) Relatively small in weight (5) Larger passenger capacity
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MAIN PARAMETERS 2 Main Parameters 2.1 Design Task PIS-413 is expected to be a relatively light,low fuel consuming,and with large passenger capacity aircraft. 2.2 Main Parameters Selection Selected main parameters are given in Table 4.(Calculation of maximum takeoff weight is given in Part 3,i.e.the next part.Calculation of overall length and width are given in Part 5 and 6.)Parameters like cruise Mach number are decided with reference to the corresponding parameters of some mainstream types. Table 4.Main parameters and comparison with some mainstream types. PIS-413 A330-200 B777-200 B737-900 Seats 390~400 253 301 215 Full Load Range (km) about 8000 12500 13890 4996 Cruise Mach Number 0.78 0.82 0.84 0.78 Max Cruise Mach Number 0.84 0.86 0.89 0.82 Engines 2 2 2 2 Overall Length (m) 53.03 58.8 63.7 42.1 Overall Width (m) 6.517 5.28 6.19 3.76 Max Take-Off Weight(t) 175.15 230 347.45 85.153 Take-Off Runway Length (Max Weight) about 2000 2220-2500 3536 2450 3
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 MAIN PARAMETERS 3 2 Main Parameters 2.1 Design Task PIS-413 is expected to be a relatively light, low fuel consuming, and with large passenger capacity aircraft. 2.2 Main Parameters Selection Selected main parameters are given in Table 4. (Calculation of maximum takeoff weight is given in Part 3, i.e. the next part. Calculation of overall length and width are given in Part 5 and 6.) Parameters like cruise Mach number are decided with reference to the corresponding parameters of some mainstream types. Table 4. Main parameters and comparison with some mainstream types. PIS-413 A330-200 B777-200 B737-900 Seats 390~400 253 301 215 Full Load Range (km) about 8000 12500 13890 4996 Cruise Mach Number 0.78 0.82 0.84 0.78 Max Cruise Mach Number 0.84 0.86 0.89 0.82 Engines 2 2 2 2 Overall Length (m) 53.03 58.8 63.7 42.1 Overall Width (m) 6.517 5.28 6.19 3.76 Max Take-Off Weight (t) 175.15 230 347.45 85.153 Take-Off Runway Length (Max Weight) about 2000 2220-2500 3536 2450
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 WEIGHT ESTIMATION 3 Weight Estimation 3.1 Crew and Passenger Weight A designed capacity of 400 seats for the full economy class version includes 12 flight crews ifeach stewardess serves 40 passengers.Take the reference weight as gokg, the weight of flight crew (include luggage)is Ww=k*Ne+B=12×90=1080kg (3.1) The weight of passengers and luggage is W=k*N。=400×90=36000kg (3.2) Thus the total weight can be calculated as WPLC =WGREW +WR.=37080kg (3.3) 3.2 Final Weight Proportion A typical flight envelope is consisted of 12 parts,which are listed in Table 5. Table 5.Flight mission profile. Number Mission profile Weight proportion (Wi/Wi1) 1 Start and slide 0.98 2 Takeoff 0.995 3 Climb 0.98 ? Cruise 5 Descend 0.99 6 Enter and Landing 0.992 7 Slide 0.99 8 Mistake Enter 0.99 9 Climb 0.98 10 Divert 11 Descend 0.99 4
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 WEIGHT ESTIMATION 4 3 Weight Estimation 3.1 Crew and Passenger Weight A designed capacity of 400 seats for the full economy class version includes 12 flight crews if each stewardess serves 40 passengers. Take the reference weight as 90kg, the weight of flight crew (include luggage) is * 12 90 1080 W k N kg CREW fc fa (3.1) The weight of passengers and luggage is * 400 90 36000 W k N kg PL p (3.2) Thus the total weight can be calculated as 37080 W W W kg PLC CREW PL (3.3) 3.2 Final Weight Proportion A typical flight envelope is consisted of 12 parts, which are listed in Table 5. Table 5. Flight mission profile. Number Mission profile Weight proportion（Wi/Wi-1） 1 Start and slide 0.98 2 Takeoff 0.995 3 Climb 0.98 4 Cruise 5 Descend 0.99 6 Enter and Landing 0.992 7 Slide 0.99 8 Mistake Enter 0.99 9 Climb 0.98 10 Divert 11 Descend 0.99
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 WEIGHT ESTIMATION 12 Enter and landing 0.992 Take the cruising Mach number as 0.78,specific fuel consumption (sfc)as 0.5 kg/hr/kgf,cruising lift-drug ratio as 21.65.Then g-er'9_03465 W。200*1852*E+2 V L 1=0.9897 W W。 (3.43.5) W INAL=Π =W1 (3.6) Thus the final weight proportion is ML=0.7337 (3.7) 3.3 Fuel Weight Proportion Ma=1-ML=0.2663 (3.8) 此-此） 0.0543 (3.9) MF.USED =M EUEL MF.RES =0.212 (3.10) Where W is consuming airfuel weight,W is residual fuel weight. 3.4 Maximum Takeoff Weight Estimation If empty weight proportion is 0.52,dead fuel weight is 0.002,then Moe=0.52,Mm=0.002 (3.11) Thus the proportion of all flight crew,passengers and luggage MPic=1-MFUSED ME.RES MIE Mg 0:2117 (3.12) Thus the estimate flight take-off weight is WTo=WLc MpLc =175150kg (3.13)
Conceptual Design of the Wide-Body PIS-413 WEIGHT ESTIMATION 5 12 Enter and landing 0.992 Take the cruising Mach number as 0.78，specific fuel consumption (sfc) as 0.5 kg/hr/kgf，cruising lift-drug ratio as 21.65. Then * * 4 3 0.846 SFC D R W V L e W , 200*1852* * 10 9 0.9897 SFC D W V L e W (3.4 3.5) 12 1 1 FINAL i FINAL i TO i W W M W W (3.6) Thus the final weight proportion is 0.7337 M FINAL (3.7) 3.3 Fuel Weight Proportion 1 0.2663 M M FUEL FINAL (3.8) 6 11 , , 1 7 1 1 1 0.0543 F RES i i F RES TO i i i i W W W M W W W (3.9) , , 0.212 M M M F USED FUEL F RES (3.10) Where WF USED , is consuming airfuel weight, WF RES , is residual fuel weight. 3.4 Maximum Takeoff Weight Estimation If empty weight proportion is 0.52, dead fuel weight is 0.002, then 0.52 M OE , 0.002 MTF (3.11) Thus the proportion of all flight crew, passengers and luggage , , 1 0.2117 M M M M M PLC F USED F RES TF E (3.12) Thus the estimate flight take-off weight is / 175150 W W M kg TO PLC PLC (3.13)