SEPARATION OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION o What are separation operations? o Typical applications of separation operations o Physical basis for separation operations Basic types of separation operations o Performance characterization of separation operations Choice of separation operations 94/99 Separation Operations: Introduction
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 1 SEPARATION OPERATIONS: INTRODUCTION u What are separation operations? u Typical applications of separation operations u Physical basis for separation operations u Basic types of separation operations u Performance characterization of separation operations u Choice of separation operations
WHAT ARE SEPARATION OPERATIONS A Separation Operation Separates a multicomponent input stream into two or more output streams whose compositions differ from that of the input stream OR Separates a mulitphase stream into its constituent substreams 94/99 Separation Operations: Introduction
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 2 WHAT ARE SEPARATION OPERATIONS? A Separation Operation u Separates a multicomponent input stream into two or more output streams whose compositions differ from that of the input stream, OR uSeparates a mulitphase stream into its constituent substreams
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS o Separation of a multicomponent stream E Distillation E Gas Absorption and stripping E Liquid-Liquid extraction E Fractional Crystalization E Dialysis E Pressure-Swing Adsorption (PSa) o Separation of a multiphase stream E Filtration(solid-liquid) E Decantation(liquid-liquid E Electrostatic Precipitation(gas-solid E Knock-Out Drum(gas-liquid 94/99 Separation Operations: Introduction
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 3 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS u Separation of a multicomponent stream ð Distillation ð Gas Absorption and Stripping ð Liquid-Liquid Extraction ð Fractional Crystalization ð Dialysis ð Pressure-Swing Adsorption (PSA) u Separation of a multiphase stream ð Filtration (solid-liquid) ð Decantation (liquid-liquid) ð Electrostatic Precipitation (gas-solid) ð Knock-Out Drum (gas-liquid)
PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE PFD Steam BFW EO to Recycle Purification Compressor Condenser Re Drum CHA Water C 94/99 Separation Operations: Introduction
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 4 EO Reactor Gas-Gas Exchanger EO A b s o r b e r Intercooler CW O2 C2H4 CH4 Purge Cycle Water Cooler EO S t r i p p e r CW Condenser Knock Out Drum CO2 A b s o r b e r CO2 S t r i p p b e r CO2 EO to Recycle Purification Compressor BFW HP Steam Steam Drum PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE PFD
PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE ◆ Process Chemistry: C2H4+ 1/2 02>C2H40(Ethylene Oxide eod C2H4+302→2CO2+2H2O ◆ Reactor effluent C2H40 (EO product) C2H4 (unreacted raw material) C2H6(impurity in C2H4 feed) (unreacted raw material) (impurity in O2 feed Co2(byproduct) H20(byproduct CH4(diluent 94/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 5
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 5 PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE u Process Chemistry: C2H4 + 1/2 O2 ® C2H4O (Ethylene Oxide [EO]) C2H4 + 3 O2 ® 2 CO2 + 2 H2O u Reactor Effluent C2H4O (EO product) C2H4 (unreacted raw material) C2H6 (impurity in C2H4 feed) O2 (unreacted raw material) Ar (impurity in O2 feed) CO2 (byproduct) H2O (byproduct) CH4 (diluent)