Lecture 17 Cytokines
Lecture 17 Cytokines
What are cytokines? A collection of polypeptides used for communications between cells Play role similar to hormones(messengers of the endocrine system) Hormones usually act at a distance Cytokines act locally Differ from growth factors that are produced constitutively,while cytokine production is carefully regulated Play an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity
What are cytokines? ◼ A collection of polypeptides used for communications between cells ◼ Play role similar to hormones (messengers of the endocrine system) ◼ Hormones usually act at a distance ◼ Cytokines act locally ◼ Differ from growth factors that are produced constitutively, while cytokine production is carefully regulated ◼ Play an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity
Cytokine nomenclature Interleukins (1-18) Interferons(a,β，Y) Others (common names)
Cytokine nomenclature ◼ Interleukins (1-18) ◼ Interferons (a,b,g) ◼ Others (common names)
Cytokine -mediated effects Cell growth Cell differentiation Cell death Induce non-responsiveness to other cytokines/cells Induce responsiveness to other cytokines/cells Induce secretion of other cytokines
Cytokine -mediated effects ◼ Cell growth ◼ Cell differentiation ◼ Cell death ◼ Induce non-responsiveness to other cytokines/cells ◼ Induce responsiveness to other cytokines/cells ◼ Induce secretion of other cytokines
How do cytokines tell cells what to do? Produced by cells as part of normal cellular activity and/or the result of environmental trigger Bind to receptors on cells Trigger signal transduction pathways Initiate synthesis of new proteins
How do cytokines tell cells what to do? ◼ Produced by cells as part of normal cellular activity and/or the result of environmental trigger ◼ Bind to receptors on cells ◼ Trigger signal transduction pathways ◼ Initiate synthesis of new proteins