p M3 relax. For practice, then, stretch yourself far beyond the normal range of intonation (150 percent), so when you relax, you relax back to a standard American sound (100 percent) We all Do it Possibly about this time you're thinking, Well, maybe you do this in English, but in my language, I just really don t think that we do this. I'd like you to try a little exercise Exercise 1-1I: Translation CD I Track 18 Take the sentence I didn't say he stole the money and translate it into your native language. Write it down below, using whatever letters or characters you use in your language Now that you have written your sentence down, try shifting the stress around in your own language by going through the stress patterns 1-7 in Exercise 1-9. Don' t try to put on a articularly American or other accent; just concentrate on stressing a different word in the sentence each time you say it For example, if your language is German, Ich habe nicht gesagt daB er das geld gestohlen hat, you would change the stress to: Ich habe nicht gesagt daB er das Geld gestohlen hat, or Ich habe nicht gesagt daB er das geld gestohlen hat If you translated it into French, you would say, Je n'ai pas dit qu'il a vole l'argent, or Je n pas dit qu'il a vole l'argent. In Japanese, many people think that there are no intonation changes, but if you hear someone say, wakkanai, you'll realize that it has similarities to every other language Watashi wa kare ga okane o nusunda to wa imasen deshita Or perhaps, Watashi wa kare ga okane o nusunda to wa imasen deshita No matter how strange it may sound to you, stress each different word several times in your anguage. You may notice that with some words it sounds perfectly normal, but with other words it sounds very strange. Or you may find that in your language, rather than stressing a word, you prefer to change the word order or substitute another word. Whatever you do is fine, as long as you realize where your language patterns are similar to and different from the American English intonation patterns. Then, when you do it again, in English, it will be much easier ote An excellent exercise is to practice speaking your native language with an American accent. If you can sound like an American speaking your native language, imagine how easy it would be to speak English with an American accent X Pause the Cd and practice shifting the stressed words in your native language Intonation Contrast Below are two sentences--the first is stressed on the most common, everyday word, book. Nine times out of ten, people will stress the sentence in this way. The second sentence has a less common, but perfectly acceptable intonation, since we are making a distinction between two possible locations Normal intonation Where's the book? It,s on the table Changed intonation Is the book on the table or under it? It's on the table X Pause the Cd and repeat the sentences Exercise 1-12 Create Your Own Intonation Contrast CD I Track 19 Write a short sentence and indicate where you think the most normal intonation would be placed Then, change the meaning of the sentence slightly and change the intonation accordingly Normal intonation Changed intonation
relax. For practice, then, stretch yourself far beyond the normal range of intonation (150 percent), so when you relax, you relax back to a standard American sound (100 percent). We All Do It Possibly about this time you're thinking, Well, maybe you do this in English, but in my language, I just really don't think that we do this. I'd like you to try a little exercise. Exercise 1-11: Translation CD 1 Track 18 Take the sentence I didn't say he stole the money and translate it into your native language. Write it down below, using whatever letters or characters you use in your language. _______________________________ Now that you have written your sentence down, try shifting the stress around in your own language by going through the stress patterns 1-7 in Exercise 1-9. Don't try to put on a 11 particularly American or other accent; just concentrate on stressing a different word in the sentence each time you say it. For example, if your language is German, Ich habe nicht gesagt daß er das Geld gestohlen hat, you would change the stress to: Ich habe nicht gesagt daß er das Geld gestohlen hat, or Ich habe nicht gesagt daß er das Geld gestohlen hat. If you translated it into French, you would say, Je n'ai pas dit qu'il a vole l'argent, or Je n' pas dit qu'il a vole l'argent. In Japanese, many people think that there are no intonation changes, but if you hear someone say, wakkanai, you'll realize that it has similarities to every other language. Watashi wa kare ga okane o nusunda to wa iimasen deshita. Or perhaps, Watashi wa kare ga okane o nusunda to wa ümasen deshita. No matter how strange it may sound to you, stress each different word several times in your language. You may notice that with some words it sounds perfectly normal, but with other words it sounds very strange. Or you may find that in your language, rather than stressing a word, you prefer to change the word order or substitute another word. Whatever you do is fine, as long as you realize where your language patterns are similar to and different from the American English intonation patterns. Then, when you do it again, in English, it will be much easier. Note An excellent exercise is to practice speaking your native language with an American accent. If you can sound like an American speaking your native language, imagine how easy it would be to speak English with an American accent. X Pause the CD and practice shifting the stressed words in your native language. Intonation Contrast Below are two sentences—the first is stressed on the most common, everyday word, book. Nine times out of ten, people will stress the sentence in this way. The second sentence has a less common, but perfectly acceptable intonation, since we are making a distinction between two possible locations. X Pause the CD and repeat the sentences. Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast CD 1 Track 19 Write a short sentence and indicate where you think the most normal intonation would be placed. Then, change the meaning of the sentence slightly and change the intonation accordingly. 12 Normal intonation Where's the book? It's on the table. Changed intonation Is the book on the table or under it? It's on the table. Normal intonation ___________________________ Changed intonation ___________________________ Стр. 26 из 185
CTp.27H3185 Exercise 1-13: Variable stress CD I Track 20 Notice how the meaning of the following sentence changes each time we change the stress pattern. You should be starting to feel in control of your sentences now 1. What would you like? This is the most common version of the sentence, and it is just a simple request for Information 2. What would you like? This is to single out an individual from a group 3. What would you like? You,ve been discussing the kinds of things he might like and you want to determine his specific desires: "Now that you mention it, what would you like? He has rejected several things and a little exasperated, you ask, "If you don t want any of these, what would you like? 4. What would you like? You didn't hear and you would like the speaker to repeat herself. You can't believe what you heard: "I'd like strawberry jam on my asparagus What would you like? turn off the cd and repeat the four sentences Exercise 1-14: Make a variable stress sentence CD I Track 21 Now you decide which words should be emphasized. Write a normal, everyday sentence with at least seven words and put it through as many changes as possible. Try to make a pitch chan for each word in the sentence and think about how it changes the meaning of the entire sentence 5 6 Application of Intonation CD I Track 22 There is al ways at least one stressed word in a sentence and frequently you can have quite a few if you are introducing a lot of new information or if you want to contrast several things. Look at the paragraph in Exercise 1-15. Take a pencil and mark every word that you think should be stressed or sound stronger than the words around it. I'd like you to make just an accent mark o) to indicate a word you think should sound stronger than others around it Reminder The three ways to change your voice for intonation are: (1) Volume(speak louder) (2) Length(stretch out a word), and (3) Pitch(change your tone) s Pause the Cd and work on the paragraph below Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress CD 1 Track 23 Mark every word or syllable with where you think that the sound is stressed. Use the first sentence as your example. Check Answer Key, beginning on page 193. Pause the CD
Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress CD 1 Track 20 Notice how the meaning of the following sentence changes each time we change the stress pattern. You should be starting to feel in control of your sentences now. + Turn off the CD and repeat the four sentences. Exercise 1 -14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence CD 1 Track 21 Now you decide which words should be emphasized. Write a normal, everyday sentence with at least seven words and put it through as many changes as possible. Try to make a pitch change for each word in the sentence and think about how it changes the meaning of the entire sentence. 1.________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________ 3.________________________________________________________ 4.________________________________________________________ 5.________________________________________________________ 6.________________________________________________________ 7.________________________________________________________ 13 Application of Intonation CD 1 Track 22 There is always at least one stressed word in a sentence and frequently you can have quite a few if you are introducing a lot of new information or if you want to contrast several things. Look at the paragraph in Exercise 1-15. Take a pencil and mark every word that you think should be stressed or sound stronger than the words around it. I'd like you to make just an accent mark (') to indicate a word you think should sound stronger than others around it. Reminder The three ways to change your voice for intonation are: (1) Volume (speak louder), (2) Length (stretch out a word), and (3) Pitch (change your tone). * Pause the CD and work on the paragraph below. Exercise 1 -15: Application of Stress CD 1 Track 23 Mark every word or syllable with ' where you think that the sound is stressed. Use the first sentence as your example. Check Answer Key, beginning on page 193. Pause the CD. 1. What would you like ? This is the most common version of the sentence, and it is just a simple request for information. 2. What would you like? This is to single out an individual from a group. 3. What would you like? You've been discussing the kinds of things he might like and you want to determine his specific desires: "Now that you mention it, what would you like?" or He has rejected several things and a little exasperated, you ask, "If you don't want any of these, what would you like?" 4. What would you like? You didn't hear and you would like the speaker to repeat herself. or You can't believe what you heard: "I'd like strawberry jam on my asparagus." — "What would you like ?" Стр. 27 из 185
p Hello, my'name is I'm taking american accent training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I' ve been paying attention to pitch too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good Well, what do you think? Do I? V Listen and re-mark the stressed words with your marker. After you've put in the accent marks where you think they belong, take one of the colored translucent markers and as I read very slowly, mark the words that I stress. I am going to exaggerate the words far more than you'd normally hear in a normal reading of the paragraph. You can mark either the whole word or just the strong syllable, whichever you prefer, so that you have a bright spot of color for where the stress should fall Note If you do the exercise only in pencil, your eye and mind will tend to skip over the accent marks The spots of color, however, will register as"different"and thereby encourage your pitch change This may strike you as unusual, but trust me, it works s Pause the Cd and practice reading the paragraph out loud three times on your own How You Talk Indicates to People how you are CD 1 Track 24 Beware of "Revealing"a Personality that You Don't Have! There is no absolute right or wrong in regard to intonation because a case can be made for stressing just about any word or syllable, but you actually reveal a lot about yourself by the elements you choose to emphasize. For example, if you say, Hello, this intonation would indicate doubt. This is why you say, Hello when answering the telephone because you don't know who is on the other end. Or when you go into a house and you don't know who's there because you don't see anyone. But if you're giving a speech or making a presentation and you stand up in front of a crowd and say, Hello, the people would probably laugh because it sounds so uncertain. This is where you'd onfidently want to say Hello, my name is So-and-so second example is, my name is-as opposed to my name is. If you stress name, it sounds as if you re going to continue with more personal information: My name is So-and-so, my address is such and-such, my blood type is 0. Since it may not be your intention to give all that information, stay with the standard-Hello, my name is So-and-so If you stress/every time, it will seem that you have a very high opinion of yourself. Try it: I'm taking American Accent Training. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. I think I'm quite An earnest, hard-working person might emphasize words this way: I'm taking American Accent Training(Can I learn this stuff? ) I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible(I'll force myself to enjoy it if I have to). Although the only way to get it is to practice all the time(24 hours a day) A Doubting Thomas would show up with: I should pick up on(but I might not) the American intonation pattern pretty easily,(but it looks pretty hard, too). I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand (but I think they re just being polite Exercise 1-16: Paragraph Intonation Practice CD I Track 25 V From your color-marked copy, read each sentence of the paragraph in Exercise 1-15 after me. Use your rubber band, give a clear pitch change to the highlighted words, and think about the meaning that the pitch is conveying X Back up the CD and practice this paragraph three times X Pause the CD and practice three times on your own
Hello, my’ name is______________. I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I? V Listen and re-mark the stressed words with your marker. After you've put in the accent marks where you think they belong, take one of the colored translucent markers and as I read very slowly, mark the words that I stress. I am going to exaggerate the words far more than you'd normally hear in a normal reading of the paragraph. You can mark either the whole word or just the strong syllable, whichever you prefer, so that you have a bright spot of color for where the stress should fall. Note If you do the exercise only in pencil, your eye and mind will tend to skip over the accent marks. The spots of color, however, will register as "different" and thereby encourage your pitch change. This may strike you as unusual, but trust me, it works. * Pause the CD and practice reading the paragraph out loud three times on your own. 14 How You Talk Indicates to People How You Are CD 1 Track 24 Beware of "Revealing" a Personality that You Don't Have! There is no absolute right or wrong in regard to intonation because a case can be made for stressing just about any word or syllable, but you actually reveal a lot about yourself by the elements you choose to emphasize. For example, if you say, Hello, this intonation would indicate doubt. This is why you say, Hello ? when answering the telephone because you don't know who is on the other end. Or when you go into a house and you don't know who's there because you don't see anyone. But if you're giving a speech or making a presentation and you stand up in front of a crowd and say, Hello, the people would probably laugh because it sounds so uncertain. This is where you'd confidently want to say Hello, my name is So-and-so. A second example is, my name is—as opposed to my name is. If you stress name, it sounds as if you are going to continue with more personal information: My name is So-and-so, my address is suchand-such, my blood type is O. Since it may not be your intention to give all that information, stay with the standard—Hello, my name is So-and-so. If you stress / every time, it will seem that you have a very high opinion of yourself. Try it: I'm taking American Accent Training. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. I think I'm quite wonderful. An earnest, hard-working person might emphasize words this way: I'm taking American Accent Training (Can I learn this stuff?). I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible (I'll force myself to enjoy it if I have to). Although the only way to get it is to practice all the time (24 hours a day). A Doubting Thomas would show up with: I should pick up on (but I might not) the American intonation pattern pretty easily, (but it looks pretty hard, too). I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand (but I think they're just being polite). Exercise 1-16: Paragraph Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 25 V From your color-marked copy, read each sentence of the paragraph in Exercise 1-15 after me. Use your rubber band, give a clear pitch change to the highlighted words, and think about the meaning that the pitch is conveying. × Back up the CD and practice this paragraph three times. × Pause the CD and practice three times on your own. Стр. 28 из 185
CTp.29H3185 Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 26 Draw one step of the staircase for each word of the paragraph. Start a new staircase for every stressed word. There usually is more than one staircase in a sentence. New sentences don't have to start new staircases; they can continue from the previous sentence until you come to a stressed word. I'lI read the beginning sentences. Check the first sentence against the example. Then put the words of the second sentence on a staircase, based on the way I read it. Remember, I,'m exaggerating to make Hello. My Accent name T rainin m American enjoyable V Write out the rest of the staircases X Turn the Cd back on to check your staircases with the way I read the paragraph. x Pause the CD again to check your staircases in the Answer Key, beginning on page 193. x Back up the CD, and listen and repeat my reading of the paragraph while following the staircases in the Answer Ke Exercise 1-18: Reading with staircase Intonation CD I Track 27 Read the following with clear intonation where marked. Hello, my name is I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been payi attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot Americans lately, and they tell me that I' m easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I? Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers CD 1 Track 28 Just as there is stress in words or phrases, there is intonation in spelling and numbers. Americans seem to spell things out much more than other people. In any bureaucratic situation, you'll be asked to spell names and give all kinds of nmumbers--your phone number, your birth date, and so on. There is a distinct stress and rhythm pattern to both spelling and numbers--usually in groups of three or four letters or numbers, with the stress falling on the last member of the group. Acronyms(phras
15 Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 26 Draw one step of the staircase for each word of the paragraph. Start a new staircase for every stressed word. There usually is more than one staircase in a sentence. New sentences don't have to start new staircases; they can continue from the previous sentence until you come to a stressed word. I'll read the beginning sentences. Check the first sentence against the example. Then put the words of the second sentence on a staircase, based on the way I read it. Remember, I'm exaggerating to make a point. V Write out the rest of the staircases. × Turn the CD back on to check your staircases with the way I read the paragraph. × Pause the CD again to check your staircases in the Answer Key, beginning on page 193. × Back up the CD, and listen and repeat my reading of the paragraph while following the staircases in the Answer Key. 16 Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation CD 1 Track 27 Read the following with clear intonation where marked. Hello, my name is__________________. I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I? Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers CD 1 Track 28 Just as there is stress in words or phrases, there is intonation in spelling and numbers. Americans seem to spell things out much more than other people. In any bureaucratic situation, you'll be asked to spell names and give all kinds of numbers—your phone number, your birth date, and so on. There is a distinct stress and rhythm pattern to both spelling and numbers—usually in groups of three or four letters or numbers, with the stress falling on the last member of the group. Acronyms (phrases Стр. 29 из 185
that are represented by the first letter of each word) and initials are usually stressed on the last letter. Just listen to the words as I say them, then repeat the spelling after me Acronym Pronunciation IBM Eye Bee Er MIT Em Eye tee Ph. D Pee Aitch Dee MBA Em bee si LA Eh lay Eye Ky RSVP Are Ess vee pee Tee Vee USA You ess ai ASAP Ei Ess ei pee See er B Eff Bee Eye USMC You ess em se COD See oh Dee SOS Ess Oh ess XYZ Ex, Why, Zee Spelling Pronunciation Box Bee Oh ex Wilson Dubba You Eye El, Ess Oh En Numbers Pronunciation Area Code 213 Zip Code 94708 Date 9/6/62 Phone number 555-9132 Exercise 1-20: Sound /Meaning Shifts CD 1 Track 29 Intonation is powerful. It can change meaning and pronunciation. Here you will get the chance to play with the sounds. Remember, in the beginning, the meaning isn't that important-just work on getting control ofyour pitch changes. Use your rubber band for each stressed word. my tie malta Might 1? my kevs Mikey's My keys? Inn ke in ke inky mighty I have two. I have too I have to How many kids do you have? I have two Ive been to Europe I have too Why do you work so hard? I have to Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables CD I Track 30 Intonation can also completely get rid of certain entire syllables. Some longer words that are stressed on the first syllable squeese weak syllables right out. Cover up the regular columns and read the words between the brackets actually Laek.cully] everv Evr
that are represented by the first letter of each word) and initials are usually stressed on the last letter. Just listen to the words as I say them, then repeat the spelling after me. 17 Exercise 1-20; Sound/Meaning Shifts CD 1 Track 29 Intonation is powerful. It can change meaning and pronunciation. Here you will get the chance to play with the sounds. Remember, in the beginning, the meaning isn't that important—just work on getting control of your pitch changes. Use your rubber band for each stressed word. Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables CD 1 Track 30 Intonation can also completely get rid of certain entire syllables. Some longer words that are stressed on the first syllable squeeze weak syllables right out. Cover up the regular columns and read the words between the brackets. Acronym Pronunciation IBM Eye Bee Em MIT Em Eye Tee Ph.D. Pee Aitch Dee MBA Em Bee εi LA Eh Lay IQ Eye Kyu RSVP Are Ess Vee Pee TV Tee Vee USA You Ess εi ASAP εi Ess εi Pee CIA See Eye εi FBI Eff Bee Eye USMC You Ess Em See COD See Oh Dee SOS Ess Oh Ess X,Y, Z Ex, Why, Zee Spelling Pronunciation Box Bee Oh Ex Cook See Oh Oh Kay Wilson Dubba You Eye El, Ess Oh En Numbers Pronunciation Area Code 213 Zip Code 94708 Date 9/6/62 Phone Number 555-9132 my tie mai-tai Might I? my keys Mikey's My keys? inn key in key inky my tea mighty My D I have two. I have, too. I have to. How many kids do you have? I have two. I've been to Europe. I have, too. Why do you work so hard? I have to. actually [æk•chully] every [εvree] Стр. 30 из 185