Grassland Agriculture Grass terms:术语 roots (seminal,adventitious) Crown根冠 Nodes节 collars(containing ligules, auricles,and sheath blade juncture Peduncle花梗 Orchardgrass plant,spikelet,and collar Inflorescence花序 Spikelets小穗 florets(lemma,palea小花（外 内稃) Rachis花轴 ■RAGE Rachilla小穗轴 Auricle Sheath Spikelet yright reseved by Long Mingxu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Grassland Agriculture Grass terms:术语 • roots (seminal, adventitious) • Crown根冠 • Nodes节 • collars (containing ligules, auricles, and sheath / blade juncture) • Peduncle花梗 • Inflorescence花序 • Spikelets小穗 • florets (lemma, palea)小花（外稃、 内稃） • Rachis花轴 • Rachilla小穗轴 Orchardgrass plant, spikelet, and collar
Grass Morphology(形态学) growth habit and structure (what the plant looks like, how is it built) Physiology(生理学) growth and metabolic 谢processes H ATP changes and phases H42+H+4.0 plants experience P■RAGES College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Grass • Morphology（形态学） ß growth habit and structure ß (what the plant looks like, how is it built) • Physiology（生理学） ß growth and metabolic 代 谢processes ß changes and phases plants experience
Seedling Development Seedling development is critical because forage stands are expected to be long-term. ● Embryo胚(embryo axis& cotyledon子叶) Cotyledon is called scutellum 盾片(secretes enzymes to digest endosperm-the energy food for development) Endosperm胚乳is small so only a little energy is stored for growth-plant shallow Scutellum node develops into 7■RAG first node 林界 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Seedling Development Seedling development is critical关 键 because forage stands are expected to be longterm. • Embryo胚 (embryo axis & cotyledon子叶) • Cotyledon is called scutellum小 盾片 (secretes enzymes to digest endosperm – the energy food for development) • Endosperm胚乳 is small so only a little energy is stored for growth – plant shallow • Scutellum node develops into first node
Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Endosperms胚乳 testa plumule (shoot) castor-oil plant radicle (dicotyledon) (root) cotyfedon maize (monocotyledon) soft endosperm hard endosperm scutellum plumule radicle ■RAG日 Copyright reseved by Long Migx College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Endosperms胚乳
Germination and Emergence 发芽和出苗 Vhen water is absorbed,radicle胚根grows through the coleorhiza胚根鞘，seminal roots develop Epicotyl_上胚轴elongates and grows toward the soil surface Coleoptile胚芽鞘(tip)pushes through the soil and reaches surface,then opens for true leaves to emerge Germination Events 4DAP Lateral seminal roots Radicle root F■RA Tip of kemel RLNielsen,Purdue Univ.,2000 Copyright reseved by Long Mingx College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Germination and Emergence 发芽和出苗 • When water is absorbed, radicle 胚根grows through the coleorhiza胚根鞘, seminal roots develop • Epicotyl上胚轴 elongates and grows toward the soil surface • Coleoptile 胚芽鞘(tip) pushes through the soil and reaches surface, then opens for true leaves to emerge