Evolutionary Patterns Speciation: Production of new species from previously existing species Speciation is thought to occur as a result of a species dividing into two isolated subpopulations Extinction Loss of entire species Of estimated 500 million species of organisms believed to have ever existed on earth 98-99% have gone extinct Coevolution: Two or more species can reciprocally influence the evolutionary direction of the other
Evolutionary Patterns • Speciation: Production of new species from previously existing species. – Speciation is thought to occur as a result of a species dividing into two isolated subpopulations. • Extinction: Loss of entire species. – Of estimated 500 million species of organisms believed to have ever existed on earth, 98-99% have gone extinct. • Coevolution: Two or more species can reciprocally influence the evolutionary direction of the other
80 ACCase inhibitors ALs inhibitors 8 Triazines Ureas, amides 50 Bipyridiliums 芒 Glycines 40 Dinitroanilines Synthetic auxins 30 20 10 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Evolutionary Change: Populations of weed plants that have been subjected repeatedly to herbicides often develop resistant populations
Evolutionary Change: Populations of weed plants that have been subjected repeatedly to herbicides often develop resistant populations
Kinds of Organism Interactions Predation One animal kills and/or eats another Predator benefits from food .s Prey adaptation is higher reproduction rate Prey species benefits by eliminating non-adaptive genes from the gene pool Poorly adapted predators are less likely to obtain food and thus pass on non-adaptive genes
Kinds of Organism Interactions • Predation: One animal kills and/or eats another. – Predator benefits from food. Prey adaptation is higher reproduction rate. – Prey species benefits by eliminating non-adaptive genes from the gene pool. Poorly adapted predators are less likely to obtain food and thus pass on non-adaptive genes
Predator-Prey Relationship: Lions are predators of zebra. e quicker lions are more likely to get food, and the slower, sickly or weaker zebra are more likely to become prey
Predator-Prey Relationship: Lions are predators of zebra. The quicker lions are more likely to get food, and the slower, sickly or weaker zebra are more likely to become prey
Kinds of Organism Interactions Competition: TWo organisms compete to obtain the same limited resource, and both are harmed to some extent Intraspecific: members of same species competing for resources Interspecific: members of different species competing for resources The more similar the competing species, the more intense the competition
Kinds of Organism Interactions • Competition: Two organisms compete to obtain the same limited resource, and both are harmed to some extent. – Intraspecific: members of same species competing for resources. – Interspecific: members of different species competing for resources. The more similar the competing species, the more intense the competition