History(cont'd) 1990 NIH and DOE publish a 5-year plan. Goals include a complete genetic map, a physical map with markers every 100 kb, and sequencing of an aggregate of 20 Mb of DNA in model organisms by NIH and DOE restart the clock, declaring I October the official beginning of the HGP Cost per base David Lipman, Eugene Myers(CU CS Department! ) and colleagues at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBD publish the BLAST algorithm for aligning sequences 1991 NIH biologist J. Craig Venter announces a strategy to find expressed genes, using ESTS (Science ) A fight erupts at a congressional hearing I month later, when Venter reveals is filing patent applications on thousands of these partial genes
History (cont’d) – 1990 NIH and DOE publish a 5-year plan. Goals include a complete genetic map, a physical map with markers every 100 kb, and sequencing of an aggregate of 20 Mb of DNA in model organisms by 2005 NIH and DOE restart the clock, declaring 1 October the official beginning of the HGP. Cost per base ~$0.75 David Lipman, Eugene Myers (CU CS Department!), and colleagues at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) publish the BLAST algorithm for aligning sequences – 1991 NIH biologist J. Craig Venter announces a strategy to find expressed genes, using ESTs (Science ). A fight erupts at a congressional hearing 1 month later, when Venter reveals that NIH is filing patent applications on thousands of these partial genes
History(cont'd) 1992 Watson resigns as head of NCHGR Venter leaves NIH to set up The Institute for Genomic Research(TIGR) William Haseltine heads its sister company, Human Genome Sciences to commercialize TIGR products Britain's Wellcome Trust enters the HGP with $95 million Mel Simon of Caltech and colleagues develop BACs for cloning U.S. and French teams complete the first physical maps of chromosomes David Page of the Whitehead Institute and colleagues map the chromosome, Daniel Cohen of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain(CEPH and Genethon and colleagues map chromosome 21 U.S. and French teams complete genetic maps of mouse and human; mouse average marker spacing 4.3 CM, Eric Lander and colleagues at Whitehead, human, average marker spacing 5 cM, Jean Weissenbach and colleagues at CEPH
History (cont’d) – 1992 Watson resigns as head of NCHGR Venter leaves NIH to set up The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), William Haseltine heads its sister company, Human Genome Sciences, to commercialize TIGR products. Britain's Wellcome Trust enters the HGP with $95 million Mel Simon of Caltech and colleagues develop BACs for cloning U.S. and French teams complete the first physical maps of chromosomes: David Page of the Whitehead Institute and colleagues map the Y chromosome; Daniel Cohen of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) and Généthon and colleagues map chromosome 21 U.S. and French teams complete genetic maps of mouse and human: mouse, average marker spacing 4.3 cM , Eric Lander and colleagues at Whitehead; human, average marker spacing 5 cM, Jean Weissenbach and colleagues at CEPH
History(cont'd) 1993 Francis Collins of the University of Michigan is named director of HGR NIH and Doe publish a revised plan for 1993-98. The goals include sequencing 80 Mb of dna by the end of 1998 and completing the human genome by 2005. Cost per base target $0. 10/base finished The Wellcome Trust and MRC open the Sanger Centre at Hinxton Hall, south of Cambridge, U.K. Led by John Sulston The GenBank database officially moves from Los Alamos to NCBI ending NIH's and DOE's tussle over control 1994 Jeffrey Murray of the University of lowa, Cohen of Genethon, and colleagues publish a complete genetic linkage map of the human genome, with an average marker spacing of0.7 CM
History (cont’d) – 1993 Francis Collins of the University of Michigan is named director of NCHGR. NIH and DOE publish a revised plan for 1993-98. The goals include sequencing 80 Mb of DNA by the end of 1998 and completing the human genome by 2005. Cost per base target $0.10/base finished. The Wellcome Trust and MRC open the Sanger Centre at Hinxton Hall, south of Cambridge, U.K. Led by John Sulston The GenBank database officially moves from Los Alamos to NCBI, ending NIH's and DOE's tussle over control – 1994 Jeffrey Murray of the University of Iowa, Cohen of Généthon, and colleagues publish a complete genetic linkage map of the human genome, with an average marker spacing of 0.7 cM