Principles of Geographic Information Systems for Land resource Assessments by Burrough, PA (1986/7 Oxford Science Publications Monographs on soils and resources Survey no 12 raster (gridded), point, and vector data types grid based data manipulation data visualisation(2d, 3d scale: resolution real and integer data types ancillary modelling programs
‘Principles of Geographic Information Systems for Land Resource Assessments’ by Burrough, P.A. (1986/7) Oxford Science Publications Monographs on Soils and Resources Survey no. 12 - raster (gridded), point, and vector data types - grid based data manipulation - data visualisation (2d, 3d) - scale; resolution - real and integer data types - ancillary modelling programs
A fundamental problem How do we know what is where? How can we obtain landscape-Wide(ie spatially distributed )data about the ecological (biophysical)resources of a landscape? We can only ever take measurements from a relatively small number of field survey sites/plots, climate, topography, vegetation, wildlife, substrate
A fundamental problem! How do we know what is where? How can we obtain landscape-wide (ie. spatially distributed) data about the ecological (biophysical) resources of a landscape? We can only ever take measurements from a relatively small number of field survey sites/plots; climate, topography, vegetation, wildlife, substrate
The 'Integrated Landscape paradigm 1940S, CSIRO Land Use research 1990s CSIRo Water and land Reconnaissance survey for land use evaluation razing Agriculture Forest Recreation Nature conservation Surveyed large areas to determine major types of country and to assess natural resources Analyse patterns from visual inspection of air photos Land unitslelements that have a uniform parent material, topography, soil and vegetation Land systems, however, were mapped
The ‘Integrated Landscape Paradigm’ 1940s, CSIRO Land Use Research 1990s, CSIRO Water and Land • Reconnaissance survey for land use evaluation - Grazing - Agriculture - Forestry - Recreation - Nature conservation • Surveyed large areas to determine major types of country and to assess natural resources • Analyse patterns from visual inspection of air photos - Land units/elements that have a uniform parent material, topography, soil and vegetation - Land systems, however, were mapped
>1 occurrence of a land unit Field survey undertaken to sample land units So, survey data were spatially extended through assumption of covariance ie assumed all examples of a land unit sufficiently similar to infer properties of an unsurveyed unit from a sampled site A product of the available technology air photo interpretation cartography Basic 'assumption of covariance still used in survey (soil, geology, vegetation !) cartographic products often used as source data for GIs!
• >1 occurrence of a land unit • Field survey undertaken to sample land units • So, survey data were spatially extended through assumption of covariance ie. assumed all examples of a land unit sufficiently similar to infer properties of an unsurveyed unit from a sampled site • A product of the available technology - air photo interpretation - cartography • Basic ‘assumption of covariance’ still used in survey (soil, geology, vegetation!) - cartographic products often used as source data for GIS!
Location of chimbu Province 150° PACIFIC B/SMARCK SEA OCEAN NEW IRELAND CHIMBU PROVINCE Rabaul PaPua 2 Mad 5 NEW BRITAIN BOUGAINVILLE NEW BGUINEA SOLOMON SEA GUL SS OF PAPUA ort Mores CORAL SEA Cap 300km ula
Location of Chimbu Province