Aquiclude-an impervious confining layer Aquitard - the confining layer that water can pass in and out Recharge artesian we artesian well Semiconfined aquifer ed aquifer Aquiclude(impervious)
• Aquiclude – an impervious confining layer. • Aquitard – the confining layer that water can pass in and out
Human Influences On The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation, runoff and infiltration rate are greatly influenced by human activity Rapid evaporation - water is used for cooling in the power plants or to irrigate crops, the rate of evaporation is increased. This can affect local atmospheric condition Factors effects on runoff and infiltration rate-removing the vegetation by logging or agriculture increase runoff and decrease infiltration rate urban complexes with a high percentage of impervious, paved surfaces have increased runoff and reduced infiltration
Human Influences On The Hydrologic Cycle • Evaporation,runoff and infiltration rate are greatly influenced by human activity. – Rapid evaporation – water is used for cooling in the power plants or to irrigate crops, the rate of evaporation is increased. This can affect local atmospheric condition. – Factors effects on runoff and infiltration rate – removing the vegetation by logging or agriculture increase runoff and decrease infiltration rate; urban complexes with a high percentage of impervious, paved surfaces have increased runoff and reduced infiltration
Major concern in many urban areas is transportation of storm water Reduce the flooding risk: Designing and constructing surface waterways and storm sewer to carry storm water away rapidly to reduce the flooding risk Cause water pollution: Many cities combine their storm- sewer water with municipal wastewater at their treatment plant, which can cause serious pollution problems after heavy rains
• Major concern in many urban areas is transportation of storm water. – Reduce the flooding risk: Designing and constructing surface waterways and storm sewer to carry storm water away rapidly to reduce the flooding risk. – Cause water pollution: Many cities combine their stormsewer water with municipal wastewater at their treatment plant, which can cause serious pollution problems after heavy rains
Determining how much ground water or surface water can be used and what use should be is a major concern, especially in water-poor areas of the world Water Withdrawal -are measurements of the amount of water taken from surface and/or groundwater source o used temporarily and returned to its original source and use again(non-consumptive use) withdrawing water and incorporating it into a product, or otherwise moving it to another area, so it does not make it back to original source(consumptive use
• Determining how much ground water or surface water can be used and what use should be is a major concern,especially in water-poor areas of the world: – Water Withdrawal – are measurements of the amount of water taken from surface and/or groundwater source. ⃟ used temporarily and returned to its original source and use again (non-consumptive use). ⃟ withdrawing water and incorporating it into a product, or otherwise moving it to another area, so it does not make it back to original source (consumptive use)
Kinds of Water Use Water use varies considerably around the word, depending on availability of water, and the degree of industrialization However, use can be classified into four categories o domestic use ◇ agricultural use; ◇ industrial use; ◇in- stream use Domestic activities in highly developed nations require a great deal of water. This domestic use includes drinking, air conditioning, bathing, washing clothes, washing dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens
Kinds of Water Use • Water use varies considerably around the word, depending on availability of water, and the degree of industrialization. However, use can be classified into four categories: ⃟ domestic use; ⃟ agricultural use; ⃟ industrial use; ⃟ in-stream use. Domestic activities in highly developed nations require a great deal of water. This domestic use includes drinking, air conditioning, bathing, washing clothes, washing dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens