四、虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) *在英语里，凡表达与事实不符的假定、想象、 愿望等时，一定要把动词的惯常使用法加以 改变，这种特殊的动词使用法，叫做“虚拟 语气”。 *1)虚拟语气的时态 *A)与现在事实相反的假设： 连词 条件从句 主句 Should ①were could If 主语+②过去式V 主语+ would +原形V ③过去式助动词+原形V might
1 四、虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） 在英语里，凡表达与事实不符的假定、想象、 愿望等时，一定要把动词的惯常使用法加以 改变，这种特殊的动词使用法，叫做“虚拟 语气” 。 1) 虚拟语气的时态 A)与现在事实相反的假设： 连词 条件从句 主句 If ①were 主语 + ②过去式V ③过去式助动词+原形V 主语+ + 原形V Should could would might
如： If he were rich,he would buy the house 他若是有钱，他会买这幢房子。 (但他现在没有钱，所以想买不能买。) If I had time,I would study French. 我若有时间，我就要学法语。 If I could fly,I would fly in the sky. 我若能飞，我要飞到空中。 B)与过去事实相反的假设 连词 条件从句 主句 should would If 主语+had+pp 主语+ could have p.p. might
2 如： If he were rich, he would buy the house. 他若是有钱，他会买这幢房子。 (但他现在没有钱，所以想买不能买。) If I had time,I would study French. 我若有时间，我就要学法语。 If I could fly, I would fly in the sky. 我若能飞，我要飞到空中。 B)与过去事实相反的假设 连词 条件从句 主句 If 主语 + had + p.p. 主语+ + have + p.p. should would could might
*例句 1 If he had studied hard,he could have won the scholarship 假如他当时用功，他可能已经得了奖学金了。 (但他当时没有用功，所以他没有得到奖学金。) 2 If I hadhad enough time,I would have gone with you. 假如当时我有足够的时间，我会跟你去的。 C)与将来事实相反的假设： 连词 条件从句 主句 should,would If 主语+were to+原形V 主语+ +原形V could,might 3
3 例句： ① If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 假如他当时用功，他可能已经得了奖学金了。 (但他当时没有用功，所以他没有得到奖学金。) ② If I had had enough time, I would have gone with you. 假如当时我有足够的时间，我会跟你去的。 C) 与将来事实相反的假设： 连词 条件从句 主句 If 主语 + were to +原形V 主语+ +原形V should, would could, might
例句： If the sun were to rise in the west,I would not change my mind. 即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会改变我的心意。 (事实上太阳绝对不可能从西边出来。) If I were to be reborn,I would be a musician. 如果我能再生，我要成为一个音乐家。（事实上你 不可能再生。) *2)虚拟语气还可以用来表示愿望、建议、命 令等。在下面几类从句中，谓语动词都需要用 虚拟语气。 *A)主语从句谓语动词的虚拟 a)It is desired,it is suggested,it is requested it was ordered,it was proposed,it is
4 例句： If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind. 即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会改变我的心意。 （ 事实上太阳绝对不可能从西边出来。） If I were to be reborn, I would be a musician. 如果我能再生，我要成为一个音乐家。 （ 事实上你 不可能再生。） 2) 虚拟语气还可以用来表示愿望、建议、命 令等。在下面几类从句中，谓语动词都需要用 虚拟语气。 A) 主语从句谓语动词的虚拟 a) It is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is
necessary,it is important,it has been decided,it is natural,it is urgent,it is desirable,it is imperative,it is unusual,it is appropriate,it is preferable,it is possible 构后的主语从句： It is requested tat Miss Cai (should)give a performance at the party.有人请求蔡小姐在会上表 演一个节目。 It is desired that we (should)get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。 It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。 It is important that we close our ranks in the struggle 在斗争中紧密团结是很重要的
5 necessary, it is important, it has been decided, it is natural, it is urgent, it is desirable, it is imperative, it is unusual, it is appropriate, it is preferable, it is possible等结 构后的主语从句： It is requested tat Miss Cai (should) give a performance at the party. 有人请求蔡小姐在会上表 演一个节目。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。 It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 It is important that we close our ranks in the struggle. 在斗争中紧密团结是很重要的