WHAT TYPES OF LIVING ORGANISMS ARE PARASITIC? Parasites occur in two of the five kingdoms of living organisms What are the 5 kingdoms? 趁 Plants Animals
WHAT TYPES OF LIVING ORGANISMS ARE PARASITIC? Parasites occur in two of the five kingdoms of living organisms. What are the 5 kingdoms?
KINGDOM PROTISTA- contains the single-celled protozoans KINGDOM ANIMALIA contains 32 phyla. Parasites of importance are concentrated in 3 phyla. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES- Class Trematoda: Cestoda PHYLUM NEMATODA Class Nematoda PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Class Insecta
KINGDOM ANIMALIA contains 32 phyla. Parasites of importance are concentrated in 3 phyla. • PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES – Class Trematoda; Cestoda • PHYLUM NEMATODA – Class Nematoda • PHYLUM ARTHROPODA – Class Insecta…… KINGDOM PROTISTA - contains the single-celled protozoans
What are parasitism, parasite and host? Evolution of parasitism: Understanding start with basic concept of symbiosis Symbiosis was first coined by the german de Bary in1879- to mean“ living together”. It was originally coined to refer to all cases where dissimilar organisms or species(e. g heterogenetic associations) live together in an intimate association
What are parasitism, parasite and host? Evolution of parasitism: Understanding start with basic concept of symbiosis • Symbiosis was first coined by the German de Bary in 1879 - to mean “living together”. It was originally coined to refer to all cases where dissimilar organisms or species (e.g., heterogenetic associations) live together in an intimate association
Interactions of Symbionts In order to facilitate our understanding of symbiosis, 3 subordinate categories of symbiotic relationships are indicated. They are: commensalism (including phoresis), mutualism and parasitism
Interactions of Symbionts In order to facilitate our understanding of symbiosis, 3 subordinate categories of symbiotic relationships are indicated. They are: commensalism (including phoresis), mutualism, and parasitism
Symbiosis(cont) 1. Mutualism(C互利共生) This occurs when each member of the association benefits the other The mutuals are metabolically dependent on one another. Sometimes, one cannot survive in the absence of the other eg the flagellate cannot survive outside the termite Sea anemones and anemonefish
Symbiosis (cont.) 1. Mutualism(互利共生) • This occurs when each member of the association benefits the other • The mutuals are metabolically dependent on one another. Sometimes, one cannot survive in the absence of the other • eg. the flagellate cannot survive outside the termite Sea anemones and anemonefish