Lecture 16: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 介词的分类 介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前, 表示词语之间意义关系的词类。英语常用的介词大致 可分为四类: 简单介词 顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也 是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词 副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介 词有 at, about, above, across, after, among, against, before, behind, below, beside, between beyond, but, despite, during, except, for, in, of, on, over, near, past, round, since, through, till, unti,with,up等
Lecture 16: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases ◼ 一、介词的分类 ◼ 介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前, 表示词语之间意义关系的词类。英语常用的介词大致 可分为四类: ◼ 1.简单介词 ◼ 顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也 是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、 副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介 词有: at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between, beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of, on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till, until,with,up等
2.合成介词 指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有: inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, towards, within without等 3.二重介词 ■指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达 个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有: from among,from behind, from under, until/ till after等。 4.短语介词 ■指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词十动词、介 词十形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语,常用的有: according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是 由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可 单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语,不可独立使用,本 身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等
◼ 2.合成介词 ◼ 指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有: inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within, without等。 ◼ 3.二重介词 ◼ 指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达一 个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有:from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。 ◼ 4.短语介词 ◼ 指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介 词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语,常用的有:according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是 由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可 单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语,不可独立使用,本 身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等
介词的用法及应注意的问题 介词的搭配与介词的选择 介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾 相结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么 介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前 面用词的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用 相应的介词。 2.介词的宾语 介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如: 名词: The car ran into a wall, and two men were killed fia]: Wherever he went, he carried the photo with him 形容词: Your pl olan is far from perfect ■副词: I can't see the tower clearly from here. She came from afar 动名词: He entered the room without taking off his hat 不定式: He did nothing but cry
◼ 二、介词的用法及应注意的问题 ◼ 1.介词的搭配与介词的选择 ◼ 介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语 相结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么 介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前 面用词的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用 相应的介词。 ◼ 2.介词的宾语 ◼ 介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如: ◼ 名词:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed. ◼ 代词:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him. ◼ 形容词:Your plan is far from perfect. ◼ 副词:I can't see the tower clearly from here.She came from afar. ◼ 动名词:He entered the room without taking off his hat. ◼ 不定式:He did nothing but cry. 介词短语:She often studies till after midnight.
数词: In nine out often he won 't come 疑问词十不定式: The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle 疑问词引导从句: He does not care about who will be promoted that引导的从句: Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak 3.介词的语法功能 介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构 成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、 宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等。例如: The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel. (EiE) Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语) The decision is of great importance to me.(表语) They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语) a pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语) ■ On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
◼ 数词:In nine out often he won't come. ◼ 疑问词+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle. ◼ 疑问词引导从句:He does not care about who will be promoted. ◼ that引导的从句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak. ◼ 3.介词的语法功能 ◼ 介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构 成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、 宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等。例如: ◼ The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel.(定语) ◼ Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语) ◼ The decision is of great importance to me.(表语) ◼ They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语) ◼ A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语) ◼ On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
、介词的固定搭配 在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多,平时需要加强 记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配,并且就较 容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。 act as担任 act for代理 2. apply to应用于,适合于,向.申请 apply for申请,要求 ■3. belong to属于 belong in住在,应该. belong with应归于(类别,范畴 等) ■4. call on号召,请求,拜访callαt探访(at后接地方) call in请医生, 召集,收集 call to高声唤(某人) ■5. compare with跟…相比较 compare to把.比作,与.相比 6. correspond with与.通信;适合 correspond to相当于 ■7. deal in做生意,经营(= engage In); deal with对付,论及,与.交往 (=cope with 8. play with玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on玩(某种乐器) 9. suffer from患(病),受.祸患. 10. wait on伺候 wait for等待
◼ 三、介词的固定搭配 ◼ 在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多,平时需要加强 记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配,并且就较 容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。 ◼ 1.act as 担任 act for 代理 ◼ 2.apply to 应用于,适合于,向…申请 apply for 申请,要求 ◼ 3.belong to 属于 belong in住在,应该…belong with 应归于(类别,范畴 等) ◼ 4.call on 号召,请求,拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生, 召集,收集 call to 高声唤(某人) ◼ 5.compare with 跟…相比较 compare to 把…比作,与…相比 ◼ 6.correspondwith 与…通信;适合 correspond to 相当于 ◼ 7.deal in 做生意,经营(=engage in); deal with 对付,论及,与…交往 (=cope with) ◼ 8.playwith 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器) ◼ 9.suffer from 患(病),受…祸患. ◼ 10.wait on 伺候 wait for等待