Quantity beingInputDeviceOutputDeviceMeasured(Sensor)(Actuator)LightDependantResistor(LDRLights&LampsPhotodiodeLight LevelLED's&DisplaysPhoto-transistorFibreOpticsSolar CellThermocoupleThermistorHeaterTemperatureFanThermostatResistiveTemperatureDetectorsLifts&JacksStrain GaugeForce/PressurePressureSwitchElectromagnetLoad CellsVibrationPotentiometerMotorEncodersPositionSolenoidReflective/SlottedOpto-switchPanelMetersLVDTTacho-generatorACandDCMotorsSpeedReflective/slottedOpto-couplerStepperMotorBrakeDopplerEffectSensorsBellCarbonMicrophoneSoundBuzzerPiezo-electricCrystalLoudspeaker
OutputStageThe goal of a measurement system is to convert the sensedinformation into a form that can beeasily quantifiedThe output stage indicates or recordsOutputstagethe value measured. This might beDisplayscalea simple readout display, a marked scale.Stemor even a recording device such asBulba computer disk driveSensortransducer stageSensot
Output Stage • The goal of a measurement system is to convert the sensed information into a form that can be easily quantified. • The output stage indicates or records the value measured. This might be a simple readout display, a marked scale, or even a recording device such as a computer disk drive
GeneralTemplatefor a MeasurementSystemCalibrationSignal conditioning stageSignalOutputTransducerSensorstagestagestagepathProcessControlsignalControlstage
General Template for a Measurement System
The signal-conditioning stage takes theCalibrationtransducer signal and modifies it to adesiredmagnitudeSignal conditioning stageSignalOutputTransducerSensorstagestagestagepathProcessControl signalControlstage
The signal-conditioning stage takes the transducer signal and modifies it to a desired magnitude
Calibrationthefeedback-control stage,contains acontrollerthat interprets themeasuredsignal and makes a decision regarding thecontrol of the processOutputSenstageProcessControl signalControlstage
the feedback-control stage, contains a controller that interprets the measured signal and makes a decision regarding the control of the process