764 Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook experienced case is that of a +25% estimate with +30% of design cost The preliminary design phase is also where sufficient design work done to assure operability of the project without additional scope. The first step is to evaluate what work must be done to assure that the required scope is comprehensive for the project: what work must be done, to what detail,to achieve the required accuracy of the estimate(Fig. 3). If a conceptual estimate has been made, a quick study of it shows which are its largest accounts and then focus can be on the improvement of their accuracy. a second review that is painfully forgotten is the evaluation of the project for overall completeness of the scope. Questions to ask at this point are Are emissions suitable for permitting with the current design? Are treatment solids also disposable? Are there previous commitments that become part of this proje Are utilities sufficient and available where required? Are utility systems suitable for permitting at the increased Are the following sufficient: Offices? Laboratories? Warehouse? Roadway? Site drainage? Security? Phone syste Are current operations impacted (i.e, grandfathering re- loved)? Buildings? Processes? Other planed services? Is building construction compatible with the need? Fin ishes? Seismic? Height? Relief requirements? Have all plant fumiture and vehicles been included? PRELIMINARY DESIGN IS THE SOLUTION FEASIBLE IS THE SOLUTION COMPLETE? IS THE ESTIMATE SUITABLE?
764 Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook experienced case is that of a +25% estimate with +30% of design cost expended. The preliminary design phase is also where sufficient design work is done to assure operability of the project without additional scope. The first step is to evaluate what work must be done to assure that the required scope is comprehensive for the project: what work must be done, to what detail, to achieve the required accuracy of the estimate (Fig. 3). If a conceptual estimate has been made, a quick study of it shows which are its largest accounts and then focus can be on the improvement of their accuracy. A second review that is painfully forgotten is the evaluation of the project for overall completeness of the scope. Questions to ask at this point are: Are emissions suitable for permitting with the current design? Are treatment solids also disposable? Are there previous commitments that become part of this Are utilities sufficient and available where required? Are utility systems suitable for permitting at the increased Are the following sufficient: Offices? Laboratories? Solid? Liquid? Gas? project? rates? Warehouse? Roadway? Site drainage? Security? Phone system? Fire protection? Are current operations impacted (Le., grandfathering removed)? Buildings? Processes? Other planed services? Is building construction compatible with the need? Finishes? Seismic? Height? Relief requirements? Have all plant hmiture and vehicles been included? PRELIMINARY DESIGN IS THE SOLUTION FEASIBLE? IS THE SOLUTION COMPLETE? IS THE ESTIMATE SUITABLE? Figure 3. The preliminary design phase
d Cost 765 Here is but a partial list of the questions to be asked so that unestimated scope does not enlarge the project beyond its estimated accuracy and interfere with its profitability. At some point in preliminary design, a project logic meeting is in order where the sole focus is uncovering potential flaws in the projects logic. a blend of those most knowledgeable about the project and seasoned evaluators less immediately involved with the project can best perform this effort If the project has sizable architectural considerations, it is important they be properly estimated. Those dollars per square foot numbers that are so useful early in the project need to be firmed up. For the biotech and dosage harmaceutical projects of today, it is as important that the building costs be as accurate as the equipment costs. Sometimes an account-by-account evaluation for estimating accuracy is in order to see if sufficient work has been done to assure the validity of the overall estimates accuracy 4.0 DETAIL DESIGN PHASE The detail design phase of a project is where most of the cost of a project is committed. During this phase of the project, the design work is completed and most of the equipment purchased. The focus for this phase of a project is to turn all of the plans developed to date into a purchasable and buildable set of documentation(Fig. 4). To expedite the schedule, the construction contract may be let as this phase is being completed. Changes made during this phase of a project tend to be very costly as they result in the discarding of work and materials for which recovery will be minimal. For this reason. it Is olling costs to make the transition into this phase of the project with the scope approved and complete. If items are yet to be decided, it is important that they be clearly defined as undecided items so that when the decisions are made work need not be repeated DETAIL DESIGN IS THE DESIGN COMPLETE CAN THE DESIGN BE CONSTRUCTED? Figure 4. The detail design phase
Plant Design and Cost 765 Here is but a partial list ofthe questions to be asked so that unestimated scope does not enlarge the project beyond its estimated accuracy and interfere with its profitability. At some point in preliminary design, a project logic meeting is in order where the sole focus is uncovering potential flaws in the project’s logic. A blend of those most knowledgeable about the project and seasoned evaluators less immediately involved with the project can best perform this effort. If the project has sizable architectural considerations, it is important they be properly estimated. Those dollars per square foot numbers that are so useful early in the project need to be firmed up. For the biotech and dosage pharmaceutical projects of today, it is as important that the building costs be as accurate as the equipment costs. Sometimes an account-by-account evaluation for estimating accuracy is in order to see if sufficient work has been done to assure the validity of the overall estimates accuracy. 4.0 DETAIL DESIGN PHASE The detail design phase of a project is where most of the cost of a project is committed. During this phase of the project, the design work is completed and most of the equipment purchased. The focus for this phase of a project is to turn all of the plans developed to date into a purchasable and buildable set of documentation (Fig. 4). To expedite the schedule, the construction contract may be let as this phase is being completed. Changes made during this phase of a project tend to be very costly as they result in the discarding of work and materials for which recovery will be minimal. For this reason, it is important in controlling costs to make the transition into this phase of the project with the scope approved and complete. If items are yet to be decided, it is important that they be clearly defined as undecided items so that when the decisions are made work need not be repeated. DETAIL DESIGN IS THE DESIGN COMPLETE? CAN THE DESIGN BE CONSTRUCTED? Figure 4. The detail design phase