USA LosS of Crops to Pest Since 1940s there has been a 33 fold increase in use of pesticides in the USA Percentage of USA Crops Lost annually to Pest Interval Insects D iseases Weeds 1989-199913.0% 12.0% 12.0% 1974 13.0 12.0 8.0 1951-1960 12.9 12.2 8.5 1942-1951 10.5 13.8
USA Loss of Crops to Pest Since 1940s there has been a 33 fold increase in use of pesticides in the USA. Percentage of USA Crops Lost Annually to Pest Interval Insects Diseases Weeds 1989 - 1999 13.0% 12.0% 12.0% 1974 13.0 12.0 8.0 1951 - 1960 12.9 12.2 8.5 1942 - 1951 7.1 10.5 13.8
of 50 active ingredients of pesticides used around the u Effects of Long Term Use of Pesticides In 1987 the american Consumers Union compiled a lis home and found that 66% had been inadequately tested to determine whether they could cause cancer 72%o inadequately test for mutations, 62% for birth defects 64% for adverse effects on reproduction, and 98% for neurobehavioral effectS Human exposure to pesticides produces cancers deaths (67,000/year in USA), sterility, and endocrine disorders Persistence of man-made pesticides in the environment indicates a long term environmental issue
Effects of Long Term Use of Pesticides In 1987 the American Consumers Union compiled a list of 50 active ingredients of pesticides used around the home and found that 66% had been inadequately tested to determine whether they could cause cancer, 72% inadequately test for mutations, 62% for birth defects, 64% for adverse effects on reproduction, and 98% for neurobehavioral effects. Human exposure to pesticides produces cancers, deaths (~67,000/year in USA), sterility, and endocrine disorders. Persistence of man-made pesticides in the environment indicates a long term environmental issue
Aternatives to Pesticides 1. Rotation of crops and interplanting of alternate rows of different crops 2. Biological controls -use of natural predators or parasites 3. Sterile male technique 4 Pheromone and hormone lures 5. Genetically modified plants(e. g, Bt plants) 6. Quarantine and post harvest irradiation
Alternatives to Pesticides 1. Rotation of crops and interplanting of alternate rows of different crops. 2. Biological controls - use of natural predators or parasites. 3. Sterile male technique. 4. Pheromone and hormone lures. 5. Genetically modified plants (e.g., Bt plants). 6. Quarantine and post harvest irradiation
5.1海洋合成有机物概述 合成有机物的主要种类 1.有机氯农药(OP) (Organochlorinated Pesticides) 2.有机弹次药(OPP (Organophorus Pesticides) 多氯联苯(PCBs) (Polychlorinated Bipheny1) 4.合成含磷洗
合成有机物的主要种类： 1. 有机氯农药(OCP) （Organochlorinated Pesticides） 2. 有机磷农药(OPP) (Organophorus Pesticides) 3. 多氯联苯(PCBs) (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) 4. 合成含磷洗涤剂 5.1 海洋合成有机物概述
海洋合成有机污染物的代表物质 有机氯农药(OCP) 六六六(BHO)、滴滴涕(DDT)、狄氏剂等。 ●有机磷农药(OPP) 久效磷( Monocrotophos) 甲胺磷( Methamidophos) 敌敌畏( Dichlorvos) 多氯联苯(PCBs) ●合成洗涤剂
海洋合成有机污染物的代表物质 ⚫ 有机氯农药(OCP)： 六六六(BHC)、滴滴涕(DDT)、狄氏剂等。 ⚫ 有机磷农药(OPP): 久效磷（Monocrotophos） 甲胺磷 (Methamidophos) 敌敌畏（Dichlorvos） ⚫ 多氯联苯(PCBs) ⚫ 合成洗涤剂