第六章生物对环境污染的适应及机制 主讲人:赵秀兰
主讲人：赵秀兰 第六章生物对环境污染的适应及机制
"Most or perhaps all the variations from the typical form of a species must have some definite effect, however slight, on the habits or capacities of the individuals. Alfred Russel Wallace(1858). On the Tendency of Varieties阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing.every variation even the slightest. each slight variation if useful, is preserved:” Charles darwin(1859). The Origin of species by Means of Natural selection达尔文 “ Whatever does not kill me makes me stronger” Friedrich Nietzsche(1888). Twilight of the Idols / Ezx
“Most or perhaps all the variations from the typical form of a species must have some definite effect, however slight, on the habits or capacities of the individuals.” -- Alfred Russel Wallace (1858). On the Tendency of Varieties 阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type “...natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing ...every variation even the slightest.... Each slight variation, if useful, is preserved.” Charles Darwin (1859). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 达尔文 “Whatever does not kill me makes me stronger.” Friedrich Nietzsche (1888). Twilight of the Idols 尼采
Ecological risk assessment Environmental Management ecological relevance PopulatIon success Populatlon rlywarning structure Reproduction Time scale BioenergetIcs Grow th of response Years Phys lolo gIcal Months HIstopath Days/weeks Biochem ica Hours/days Blom olecular Minutes Sub-organ ismal Individual P。 pulation Environmental Stressors Hierarchial response of organisms to environmental stressors illustrating the more sensitive early warning indicators at the lower levels of biological organization and the slower-responding but more ecologically relevant indicators at the higher levels of organization
Hierarchial response of organisms to environmental stressors illustrating the more sensitive early warning indicators at the lower levels of biological organization and the slower-responding but more ecologically relevant indicators at the higher levels of organization
Time Scale Spatial Scale Threshold value several da Biochemical Reactions neurological and endocrine symptoms, chemo, enzymatic and metabolic activity, MFO induction. photo- and geotaxis, orientation, motility synthesis of amino acids and steroid hormones utation of dNA Physiological Reactions cal Reactions oxygen depletion, osmotic and ionic changes of tissues food up tumor formations excretion, photosynthesis, nitrification deformations days Modifications of Life Cycle embryogenesis, reproduction, growth rate montns Changes at the Community Level eduction of abundance, changes in age structure and genetic resoures 10° years- 1010 decades change in structure and dynamics of communities and ecosystems Average stress response times of biotic systems as related to size and structural complexity(after Korte, 1987, p. 161, modified)
Average stress response times of biotic systems as related to size and structural complexity (after Korte, 1987, p. 161, modified)
第一节、生物对污染适应的一般原理 生物对污染适应的两重性 、生物对污染引起的环境变化的适应 污染引起的自然 外环境变化 环境变化的适应 的适应 环境变化 的适应 污染引起的生物L内环境变化 生理变化的适应 的适应 间接性适应,容易适应,量变过程,生物通过自我生理调节而适应 为低量胁迫下的快速适应:改变代谢通量,如光和作用和呼吸作 用的速率一代谢活动、生长模式、细胞分裂与分化
第一节、生物对污染适应的一般原理 一、生物对污染适应的两重性 为低量胁迫下的快速适应：改变代谢通量，如光和作用和呼吸作 用的速率 —代谢活动、生长模式、细胞分裂与分化。 间接性适应，容易适应，量变过程，生物通过自我生理调节而适应. 外环境变化 的适应 污染引起的自然 环境变化的适应 内环境变化 的适应 污染引起的生物 生理变化的适应 环境变化 的适应 1、生物对污染引起的环境变化的适应