Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning Theories Tolman's Learning Theory o 5.1 Edward Chace tolman ●(1886-1959 ● Born in newton Massachusetts o Received his bsdegree from the mass institutes of Technology in electrochemistry in 1911 Received his m.a. (1912)and Ph. D (1915) degrees at Harvard uni
Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning Theories: Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.1 Edward Chace Tolman ⚫ (1886-1959) ⚫ Born in Newton, Massachusetts. ⚫ Received his B.S.degree from the Mass.institutes of Technology in electrochemistry in 1911. ⚫ Received his M.A.(1912) and Ph.D.(1915) degrees at Harvard Uni
Chapter 5 Tolmans Learning Theory o 5.1 Edward Chace tolman o 1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni, At which time he was released for lack of teaching success" but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime. o 1918-1959, worked at Uni. of California. His stay at Uni. of California was interrupted, when he was dismissed for refusing to sign a loyalty oath. He led a fight against the loyalty oath as an infringement (违反,侵害) on academic freedom and was reinstated when the professors won their case
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.1 Edward Chace Tolman ⚫ 1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime. ⚫ 1918-1959, worked at Uni. of California. His stay at Uni. of California was interrupted, when he was dismissed for refusing to sign a loyalty oath. He led a fight against the loyalty oath as an infringement （违反，侵害） on academic freedom and was reinstated when the professors won their case
Chapter 5 Tolmans Learning Theory ●52 Main ideas of tolman’ s learning theory o His learning theory can be looked on as a blend of Gestalt theory and behaviorism. while still a graduate at Harvard Uni. he traveled to germany and worked for a short time with Koffka. The influence of gestalt theory on his own theorizing had a significant and lasting effect. His favorable attitude toward Gestalt psy did not preclude(F %t) a favorable attitude toward behaviorism. he saw little value in the introspective approach and he felt psychology had to become completely objective. His main disagreement with the behaviorists was over the unit of behavior to be studied
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2 Main ideas of Tolman’s learning theory ⚫ His learning theory can be looked on as a blend of Gestalt theory and behaviorism. While still a graduate at Harvard Uni. he traveled to Germany and worked for a short time with Koffka, The influence of Gestalt theory on his own theorizing had a significant and lasting effect. His favorable attitude toward Gestalt psy. did not preclude(排除） a favorable attitude toward behaviorism. He saw little value in the introspective approach and he felt psychology had to become completely objective. His main disagreement with the behaviorists was over the unit of behavior to be studied
Chapter 5 Tolman's Learning Theory o 5.2 Main ideas of Tolman's learning theory o He believed that it was possible to be objective while studying molar(克分子的) behavior (arge, intact, meaningful behavior patterns). He chose to study molar behavior systematically so Tolman was methodologically a behaviorist but meta physically(形而上学) a cognitive theorist.In other words. he studied behavior in order to discover cognitive processes
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2 Main ideas of Tolman’s learning theory ⚫ He believed that it was possible to be objective while studying molar（克分子的） behavior (large, intact, meaningful behavior patterns). He chose to study molar behavior systematically. So, Tolman was methodologically a behaviorist but metaphysically（形而上学） a cognitive theorist. In other words, he studied behavior in order to discover cognitive processes
Chapter 5 Tolman's Learning Theory ●52 Main ideas of tolman’ s learning theory o5.2.1 Molar behavior. Molar behavior is purposive. that is, it is always directed toward some goal. Behavior can not be divided into smaller units for the purposes of study. He felt that whole behavior patterns had a meaning that would be lost if studied from an elementistic viewpoint. Molar behavior constituted a Gestalt that was different the individual twitches that made it up. P urposive behavior patterns can be looked on as behavioral Gestalt. e.g
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2 Main ideas of Tolman’s learning theory ⚫ 5.2.1 Molar behavior: ⚫ Molar behavior is purposive.that is, it is always directed toward some goal.Behavior can not be divided into smaller units for the purposes of study. He felt that whole behavior patterns had a meaning that would be lost if studied from an elementistic viewpoint. Molar behavior constituted a Gestalt that was different the individual twitches that made it up. Purposive behavior patterns can be looked on as behavioral Gestalt.e.g