上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University Basic Prebiotic Chemistry b=0 入0
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Basic Prebiotic Chemistry
h 上海充通大学 Some milestones in prebiotic chemistry Shanghai Jiao Tong University The Miller/Urey experiment electrodes gas mixture CHA,NHg, to vacuum H2O,H2 Laboratory test of Oparin's ideas cooling system direction of Production of a large circulation range of organic condensation compounds including sampling amino acids (racemic liquid H20 mixture) heat source
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySome milestones in prebiotic chemistry The Miller/Urey experiment Laboratory test of Oparin’s ideas Production of a large range of organic compounds including amino acids (racemic mixture) electrodes gas mixture CH4 , NH3 , H2O, H2 cooling system heat source liquid H2O direction of circulation to vacuum condensation sampling
上海充通大学 Some milestones in prebiotic chemistry Shanghai Jiao Tong University The Miller/Urey experiment Why choose an atmosphere made of CH4,NH3,H2O,H2? Detected in the atmosphere of giant planets since the 1930s. All the primitive atmospheres of planets were identical,captured to the Solar Nebula. Giant planets,cold and far from the Sun, have kept their original composition. CURRENT COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF GIANT PLANETS PRIMITIVE COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE EARTH
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySome milestones in prebiotic chemistry The Miller/Urey experiment Why choose an atmosphere made of CH4 , NH3 , H2O, H2? • Detected in the atmosphere of giant planets since the 1930s. • All the primitive atmospheres of planets were identical, captured to the Solar Nebula. • Giant planets, cold and far from the Sun, have kept their original composition. CURRENT COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF GIANT PLANETS = PRIMITIVE COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE EARTH
genous sources and exogenous delivery of prebiotic Tong University Molecules Hydrocarbons: Ketones: Alcohols: CHi CH COCH CH.OH detected C2Hz.C2HA.CHo HOCH>COCH CHCH2OH after ice C3Ha,CaHio HOCH2CH2COCH3 HOCH>CH2OH CsHi0,C5H12 HOCH>CH(OH)CH,OH simulations C6H12,C6H14 0- CHg(OH)2 C-H16 CHgOH (t) Carboxylic acids: CH1OH Amides: HCOOH NH CHO CH COOH ( Amino Acids: CHCONH> HOCH COOH NH2CH2COOH (Glycine) HOCH,CONH2 HOCH CH(OH)COOH NH,CH(CH3)COOH (Alanine) NH2(CO)>NH> HOCH.CH.COOH CHCH,CH(NH,COOH (a ABA) HOCH2CH(OH)CONH2 NH,COCOOH CH CH(NH2)CH COOH (B ABA) (CH,NH2)(CH CHCOOH (AIBA) Aromatic Compounds: Sarcosine Amines: Ethylglyc ine HOCH,CH2NH2 Valine,Proline,Serine HCNH(NH2) Aspartic acid Diaminopyrrole Diaminopropanoic acid Diaminofurane Diaminobutyric acid Tr iaminopropane Diaminopentanoic acid (CH2)N (HMT) Diaminohexanoic acid Aldehydes: Ethers: Esters: H.CO CH OCHOCH3(t) HCOOCH CHgOCH2CHO (t) C3HO3 (Trioxane)(t) CHCOOCH (-CH2-O-)n(POM) CHCH2COOCH3 Others:CO,CO2,CO2,H202,H2CO3,N2H4,HNCO,NH2CONH2,NH2CONHCONH2
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Endogenous sources and exogenous delivery of prebiotic molecules… Molecules detected after ice simulations
Organic products Gaseous mixture Related planetary atmosphere Electric discharge Photolysis RH(saturated unsaturated) RH(mostly saturated) HCN other nitriles (saturated) HCN CHa NH2 H2O ( RCO,H RCN(saturated)if N/C <1 Giant planet H2CO,other aldehydes RNH2 if N/C>1 H2) Ketones alcohols H2CO,other aldehydes Solid:Amino acids nitrogated Ketones alcohols heterocycle after hydrolysis Solid:Amino acids after hydrolysis RH(saturated unsaturated) HCN other nitriles(saturated RH(saturated unsaturated) unsaturated)including HC3N and H,CO other aldehydes with low CHa+N2 (H2O) Titan,Triton C2N2H2CO,other aldehydes yields Ketones alcohols Solid:Amino acids nitrogated Solid:Carboxylic acids heterocycle after hydrolysis CO+NH3 H2O HCN,oxygenated organic compounds Solid:Amino acids after hydrolysis RH(mostly saturated) C02+N2+H20+ HCN,other nitriles(saturated) Primitive Earth CO/H2 H,CO,other aldehydes,ketones Solid:Amino acids after hydrolysis C02+N2+H20 Primitive Earth Venus,Mars No synthesis (+02) (current Earth) Adapted from Raulin et al.,2004
Gaseous mixture Shanghai Jiao Tong University Related planetary atmosphere Organic products Electric discharge Photolysis CH4 + NH3 + H2O (+ H2 ) Giant planet RH (saturated & unsaturated) HCN & other nitriles (saturated) RCO2H H2CO, other aldehydes Ketones & alcohols Solid: Amino acids & nitrogated heterocycle after hydrolysis RH (mostly saturated) HCN RCN (saturated) if N/C <1 RNH2 if N/C >1 H2CO, other aldehydes Ketones & alcohols Solid: Amino acids after hydrolysis CH4 + N2 (+ H2O) Titan, Triton RH (saturated & unsaturated) HCN & other nitriles (saturated & unsaturated) including HC3N and C2N2H2CO, other aldehydes Ketones & alcohols Solid: Amino acids & nitrogated heterocycle after hydrolysis RH (saturated & unsaturated) H2CO & other aldehydes with low yields Solid: Carboxylic acids CO + NH3 + H2O HCN, oxygenated organic compounds Solid: Amino acids after hydrolysis CO2 + N2 + H2O + CO/H2 Primitive Earth ? RH (mostly saturated) HCN, other nitriles (saturated) H2CO, other aldehydes, ketones Solid: Amino acids after hydrolysis CO2 + N2 + H2O (+O2 ) Primitive Earth ? Venus, Mars (current Earth) No synthesis Adapted from Raulin et al., 2004