旌利时4 《商务英语》 学习指南 我们的资源，尤其是那些经过训练的销售人员，十分缺乏；我们必须要有选 择地把销售精力集中在将产生最好结果的市场上。 which will yield the best result是定语从句，修饰先行词markets。 30.We must therefore try to identify,at minimum cost,the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort. 因此，我们必须努力以最低的代价确定我们应该集中精力调查的市场。 at minimum cost以最低的代价或者以最低的成本。 the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort,on which... 是定语从句，修饰先行词markets,动词短语中的concentrate..on中的介词 on提前，放在关系代词which前面。 31.He starts by studying general geological data,then he pinpoints particular areas and surveys them perhaps from the air,then he gets on the ground and finally,after more investigation,he searches the mineral-bearing ore by hand for the actual target. 他首先研究一般的地质数据，然后精确定位到特殊领域，可能先从空中测量，然后到地 面上，最后，在进行了更多的调查之后，人工在含有矿物的矿石中寻找实际的目标。 在本句中，注意几个表示先后发生的动作的词：start,.study,pinpoint,,survey, get on,investigation,search,这些词由连接词then,then,finally连接。 32....until he is successful,he finds the countries or the groups within parts of countries,to whom he can profitably sell his products. 直到最后他成功地找到一些国家或这些国家一些地方上的集团。他能够通过 向他们出售其产品而获利。 until he is successful是时间状语从句，主句是其后的he finds..,另外，to whom he can profitably sell his products是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countries or the groups。 33.At each stage the search costs,so that it is essential to eliminate as quickly as possible those markets which will not repay the research effort. 在每一个阶段，调查都要花费很多，因此，尽可能快地排除那些将不会产生 回报的市场是必要的。 本句中，so that引导的是结果状语从句，其含义不是它引导目的状语从句时 的“为了或者以便”，而是相当于“so”,含有“因此：所以，结果是”的意 思。eliminate和它的带which引导的定语从句的宾语被as quickly as possible 隔开。 句式It is essential to do./that clause,有必要做某事。 34.The best initial indicator of whether a market will be able to buy a particular product is the fact that the same product is or is not presently being imported by that country. 一个市场是否能够购买某种特定的产品最好的最初指示符就是那个国家目 前是否正在进口同样的产品。 6
《商务英语》 学习指南 16 我们的资源，尤其是那些经过训练的销售人员，十分缺乏；我们必须要有选 择地把销售精力集中在将产生最好结果的市场上。 which will yield the best result 是定语从句，修饰先行词 markets。 30. We must therefore try to identify, at minimum cost, the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort. 因此，我们必须努力以最低的代价确定我们应该集中精力调查的市场。 at minimum cost 以最低的代价或者以最低的成本。 在the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort中，on which… 是定语从句，修饰先行词 markets，动词短语中的 concentrate… on 中的介词 on 提前，放在关系代词 which 前面。 31. He starts by studying general geological data, then he pinpoints particular areas and surveys them perhaps from the air, then he gets on the ground and finally, after more investigation, he searches the mineral-bearing ore by hand for the actual target. 他首先研究一般的地质数据，然后精确定位到特殊领域，可能先从空中测量，然后到地 面上，最后，在进行了更多的调查之后，人工在含有矿物的矿石中寻找实际的目标。 在本句中，注意几个表示先后发生的动作的词：start, study, pinpoint, survey, get on, investigation, search，这些词由连接词 then, then, finally 连接。 32. …; until he is successful, he finds the countries or the groups within parts of countries, to whom he can profitably sell his products. 直到最后他成功地找到一些国家或这些国家一些地方上的集团。他能够通过 向他们出售其产品而获利。 until he is successful 是时间状语从句，主句是其后的he finds…，另外，to whom he can profitably sell his products 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 countries or the groups。 33. At each stage the search costs, so that it is essential to eliminate as quickly as possible those markets which will not repay the research effort. 在每一个阶段，调查都要花费很多，因此，尽可能快地排除那些将不会产生 回报的市场是必要的。 本句中，so that 引导的是结果状语从句，其含义不是它引导目的状语从句时 的“为了或者以便”，而是相当于“so”，含有“因此；所以，结果是”的意 思。eliminate 和它的带 which 引导的定语从句的宾语被 as quickly as possible 隔开。 句式 It is essential to do…/that clause， 有必要做某事。 34. The best initial indicator of whether a market will be able to buy a particular product is the fact that the same product is or is not presently being imported by that country. 一个市场是否能够购买某种特定的产品最好的最初指示符就是那个国家目 前是否正在进口同样的产品
尉卧语喻览多上孝 《商务英语》 学习指南 of whether a market will be able to buy a particular product中介词of后面跟上 从句子，构成介宾结构，做indicator的后置定语。 the fact that the same product is or is not presently being imported by that country 是系动词be的表语。其中的that从句是名词fact的同位语。 Ch15 1.Customs Union关税同盟 An international association organized to eliminate customs restrictions on goods exchanged between member nations and to establish a uniform tariff policy toward nonmember nations 两国或多国缔结协定，彼此取消原有关境，联合成为一个统一的关境，为相 互间实行关税减免，对其他国家采取统一关税率而结成的同盟。结成同盟的 目的是为参加国产品提供共同的、更广泛的市场，抵制其他国家商品进口。 2.Treaty of Rome Two international agreements signed in Rome in 1957 by Belgium,France, West Germany,Italy,Luxembourg,and the Netherlands.One established the European Economic Community:the other created the European Atomic Energy Community 3.Gibraltar直布罗陀 Gibraltar直布罗陀。直布罗陀岩西北端的英国殖民地，位于直布罗陀海峡 西班牙中南部海岸的半岛，在西班牙和北部非洲之间连接地中海和大西洋。 直布罗陀在711年被阿拉伯人占领，并于1462年转给西班牙。在西班牙王 位继承战争中英国于1704年控制了直布罗陀，虽然西班牙一直重申要求重 获这个地区。该殖民地的人口29,648。 4.The European Union欧洲联盟 Organization of European countries dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening cooperation among its members.The European Union headquarters is in Brussels,Belgium. The European Union was formally established on November 1,1993.It is the most recent in a series of European cooperative organizations that originated with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)of 1951,which became the European Community (EC)in 1967.The members of the EC were Belgium, Denmark,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,The Netherlands Portugal,the United Kingdom,and Spain.In 1991 the governments of the 12 member states signed the Treaty on European Union (commonly called the Maastricht Treaty),which was then ratified by the national legislatures of all the member countries. 欧盟是当今世界一体化程度最高的区域政治、经济集团组织，其总部设 在比利时首都布鲁塞尔。欧盟现有25个成员国，分别为法国、德国、意大 利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，丹麦、爱尔兰、英国、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙、 17
《商务英语》 学习指南 of whether a market will be able to buy a particular product 中介词 of 后面跟上 从句子，构成介宾结构，做 indicator 的后置定语。 the fact that the same product is or is not presently being imported by that country 是系动词 be 的表语。其中的 that 从句是名词 fact 的同位语。 Ch15 1. Customs Union 关税同盟 An international association organized to eliminate customs restrictions on goods exchanged between member nations and to establish a uniform tariff policy toward nonmember nations 两国或多国缔结协定，彼此取消原有关境，联合成为一个统一的关境，为相 互间实行关税减免，对其他国家采取统一关税率而结成的同盟。结成同盟的 目的是为参加国产品提供共同的、更广泛的市场，抵制其他国家商品进口。 2. Treaty of Rome Two international agreements signed in Rome in 1957 by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. One established the European Economic Community; the other created the European Atomic Energy Community. 3. Gibraltar 直布罗陀 Gibraltar 直布罗陀。直布罗陀岩西北端的英国殖民地，位于 直布罗陀海峡 西班牙中南部海岸的半岛，在西班牙和北部非洲之间连接地中海和大西洋。 直布罗陀在 711 年被阿拉伯人占领，并于 1462 年转给西班牙。在西班牙王 位继承战争中英国于 1704 年控制了直布罗陀，虽然西班牙一直重申要求重 获这个地区。该殖民地的人口 29,648。 4. The European Union 欧洲联盟 Organization of European countries dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening cooperation among its members. The European Union headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium. The European Union was formally established on November 1, 1993. It is the most recent in a series of European cooperative organizations that originated with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) of 1951, which became the European Community (EC) in 1967. The members of the EC were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Spain. In 1991 the governments of the 12 member states signed the Treaty on European Union (commonly called the Maastricht Treaty), which was then ratified by the national legislatures of all the member countries. 欧盟是当今世界一体化程度最高的区域政治、经济集团组织，其总部设 在比利时首都布鲁塞尔。欧盟现有 25 个成员国，分别为法国、德国、意大 利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，丹麦、爱尔兰、英国、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙、 17
尉卧喻贸多上孝 《商务英语》 学习指南 奥地利、芬兰、瑞典。2004年5月1日后，欧盟新增10个成员国一波兰、 匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、斯洛文尼亚、马 耳他和塞浦路斯。扩大后的欧盟面积达到400万平方公里，人口增至4.5亿， 国内生产总值将超过10万亿美元。 5.to isolate (isolated) To keep apart;separate from others;separated from others;solitary or singular 使孤立，使隔离，使脱离，孤立的：分离的，隔离的 1.Several villages have been isolated by the floods. 洪水使得好几个村庄与外界隔离了。 2.Apart from a few isolated cases,we have managed to avoid delay in delivery. 除了一些个别情况，我们都设法避免了交货的延误。 6.adjacent close to,lying near,:very close;touching or almost touching邻近的，毗连…的 l.adjacent cities相邻的城市 2.The council offices are adjacent to the library. 市政会各办公室就在图书馆的旁边。 7.to assemble to fit together the parts or pieces of;to gather or collect together into a group or into one place;to put together装配，组合，组装，集合，聚集，收集 1.This bookcase is very easy to assemble. 这个书架很容易组装起来。 2.At the beginning of the day,we all assemble in the main hall to be addressed by the president of the university. 清晨，我们集合在大礼堂听校长讲话。 8.to locate to place at a certain location;station or situate;to find the position of 被动)设置，使.坐落于，找到.的位置 1.The offices are conveniently located in the centre of the city. 办事处设在市中心很方便。 2.We have located the source of the signals. 我们已找到发出信号的地方了。 9.tariff duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods 1.That country utilizes the tariff as a obstacle to free trade. 那个国家使用关税作为自由贸易的阻碍。 2.Tariff barrier is one of the means to limit the free flow of goods in the world. 关税壁垒是世界上限制货物自由流通的方法之一。 10.barrier 18
《商务英语》 学习指南 18 奥地利、芬兰、瑞典。2004 年 5 月 1 日后，欧盟新增 10 个成员国——波兰、 匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、斯洛文尼亚、马 耳他和塞浦路斯。扩大后的欧盟面积达到 400 万平方公里，人口增至 4.5 亿， 国内生产总值将超过 10 万亿美元。 5. to isolate (isolated) To keep apart; separate from others; separated from others; solitary or singular 使孤立，使隔离，使脱离，孤立的；分离的，隔离的 1. Several villages have been isolated by the floods. 洪水使得好几个村庄与外界隔离了。 2. Apart from a few isolated cases, we have managed to avoid delay in delivery. 除了一些个别情况，我们都设法避免了交货的延误。 6. adjacent close to; lying near; very close; touching or almost touching 邻近的，毗连…的 1. adjacent cities 相邻的城市 2. The council offices are adjacent to the library. 市政会各办公室就在图书馆的旁边。 7. to assemble to fit together the parts or pieces of; to gather or collect together into a group or into one place; to put together 装配，组合，组装，集合，聚集，收集 1. This bookcase is very easy to assemble. 这个书架很容易组装起来。 2. At the beginning of the day, we all assemble in the main hall to be addressed by the president of the university. 清晨，我们集合在大礼堂听校长讲话。 8. to locate to place at a certain location; station or situate; to find the position of; (常用于 被动)设置，使...坐落于, 找到…… 的位置 1. The offices are conveniently located in the centre of the city. 办事处设在市中心很方便。 2. We have located the source of the signals. 我们已找到发出信号的地方了。 9. tariff duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods 关税 1. That country utilizes the tariff as a obstacle to free trade. 那个国家使用关税作为自由贸易的阻碍。 2. Tariff barrier is one of the means to limit the free flow of goods in the world. 关税壁垒是世界上限制货物自由流通的方法之一。 10. barrier
尉卧语喻览多上孝 《商务英语》 学习指南 something that obstructs or impedes妨碍或阻碍物，壁垒 1.Intolerance is a barrier to understanding. 偏狭是理解的一大障碍。 2.The Yangtze River is a natural barrier to the north-east 长江是东北面的一道天然屏障。 11.to be subject (to) being in a position that places one under the power or authority of another or others;likely to be affected by something,especially something bad;depending on something in order to be completed or agreed,under the authority of服从的， 支配的，易遭受..的，取决于，视而定 1.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law. 这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。 2.Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers 吸烟的人比不吸烟的人更容易犯心脏病。 3.The article is ready to publish,subject to your approval. 那篇文章准备好了，可以发表，就等你的批准。 4.All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards. 切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。 12.to ease to give respite from;to become or to make less unpleasant,painful,severe etc;to move or to move slowly and carefully;to make less tight and more relaxed 缓，从…获得缓解，减轻，小心移动，放松， 1.The company eased the burden on their staff by hiring temporary help. 公司雇佣临时职员以减轻他们手下人员的负担。 2.She eased herself into the chair 她轻手轻脚地坐到椅子上。 3.Ease your grip on the wheel a little 把握方向盘的手放松一点。 13.instead of in the place of代替，而不是. 1.If you cannot go,he'll go instead of you. 如果你不能去，他愿替你去。 2.In this case you should claim compensation from the shipping company instead of the sellers. 在此情况下，你方应向船公司而不是向卖方索赔。 14.To refer to to mention or speak about,to describe or be connected to,谈到，涉及，指（的 是) 1.Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer's 'proud demesne'. 当济慈提到荷马的骄傲的领域时，他指的是史诗。 9
《商务英语》 学习指南 19 something that obstructs or impedes 妨碍或阻碍物，壁垒 1. Intolerance is a barrier to understanding. 偏狭是理解的一大障碍。 2. The Yangtze River is a natural barrier to the north-east. 长江是东北面的一道天然屏障。 11. to be subject （to） being in a position that places one under the power or authority of another or others; likely to be affected by something, especially something bad; depending on something in order to be completed or agreed; under the authority of 服从的， 支配的，易遭受…… 的，取决于，视 而定 1. All citizens in this nation are subject to the law. 这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。 2. Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers 吸烟的人比不吸烟的人更容易犯心脏病。 3. The article is ready to publish, subject to your approval. 那篇文章准备好了，可以发表，就等你的批准。 4. All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards. 一切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。 12. to ease to give respite from; to become or to make less unpleasant, painful, severe etc;to move or to move slowly and carefully; to make less tight and more relaxed 延 缓，从…获得缓解, 减轻，小心移动，放松， 1. The company eased the burden on their staff by hiring temporary help. 公司雇佣临时职员以减轻他们手下人员的负担。 2. She eased herself into the chair 她轻手轻脚地坐到椅子上。 3. Ease your grip on the wheel a little. 把握方向盘的手放松一点。 13. instead of in the place of 代替, 而不是… 1. If you cannot go, he'll go instead of you. 如果你不能去, 他愿替你去。 2. In this case you should claim compensation from the shipping company instead of the sellers. 在此情况下，你方应向船公司而不是向卖方索赔。 14. To refer to to mention or speak about; to describe or be connected to; 谈到, 涉及, 指（的 是） 1. Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer's 'proud demesne'. 当济慈提到荷马的'骄傲的领域'时,他指的是史诗
尉卧语喻览多上孝 《商务英语》 学习指南 2.This refers to our various orders for window glass. 本函要谈到我方各项窗用玻璃的订货。 l5.to look at something or to ask a person for information参考，查阅 1.We should form the habit of referring to a dictionary when meeting new words. 我们遇到生词应养成查字典的习惯。 2.For details please refer to the attachment to the contract. 详细情况，请参阅合同附件。 l6.to regard..as;to contribute something to认为与.有关，把.归因于 1.He referred his success to the good teaching he had had. 他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。 17.to provide for to make preparation to deal with something bad or unpleasant that might happen in the future做准备，预防 1.People tend to save to provide for old age 人们往往储蓄以防老。 2.The improvements in packing and presentation will add further value to the products which can provide for a wide range of tastes and requirements. 包装装潢的改进，会使产品的价值增加，并能适应广泛的爱好和要求。 l8.to give things that they need to live,.such as food,money or clothing提供生活 费，提供生活所需，养活 1.Traditionally,husband was supposed to provide for his family. 传统的观点认为，丈夫应养活其家人。 (of a law,rule etc)to make it possible for something to be done 1.It is provided for in the contract. 这是合同中所规定的。 2.The contract may provide for the exclusive use of the patent. 合同可规定专利权的独家使用。 19.to come/go/be brought/be put into effect to cause something to come into use,to begin to apply开始生效，使生效，实施 1.A new regulation comes into effect tomorrow. 新法规明日生效。 2.The Agency Agreement will come into effect from December 1. 代理协议自12月1日起开始生效。 20.to be similar to like something but not exactly the same相像的，相似的 1.My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。 2.Art.No.4803 is very similar to Art.No.4802 and is selling extremely well on 20
《商务英语》 学习指南 20 2. This refers to our various orders for window glass. 本函要谈到我方各项窗用玻璃的订货。 15. to look at something or to ask a person for information 参考, 查阅 1. We should form the habit of referring to a dictionary when meeting new words. 我们遇到生词应养成查字典的习惯。 2. For details please refer to the attachment to the contract. 详细情况，请参阅合同附件。 16. to regard …as; to contribute something to 认为与...有关，把...归因于 1. He referred his success to the good teaching he had had. 他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。 17. to provide for to make preparation to deal with something bad or unpleasant that might happen in the future 做准备，预防 1. People tend to save to provide for old age. 人们往往储蓄以防老。 2. The improvements in packing and presentation will add further value to the products which can provide for a wide range of tastes and requirements. 包装装潢的改进，会使产品的价值增加，并能适应广泛的爱好和要求。 18. to give things that they need to live, such as food, money or clothing 提供生活 费，提供生活所需，养活 1. Traditionally, husband was supposed to provide for his family. 传统的观点认为，丈夫应养活其家人。 (of a law, rule etc) to make it possible for something to be done 规定 1. It is provided for in the contract. 这是合同中所规定的。 2. The contract may provide for the exclusive use of the patent. 合同可规定专利权的独家使用。 19. to come/go/ be brought/ be put into effect to cause something to come into use; to begin to apply 开始生效，使生效，实施 1. A new regulation comes into effect tomorrow. 新法规明日生效。 2. The Agency Agreement will come into effect from December 1. 代理协议自 12 月 1 日起开始生效。 20. to be similar to like something but not exactly the same 相像的，相似的 1. My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。 2. Art. No. 4803 is very similar to Art. No. 4802 and is selling extremely well on