Size of genome基因组大小 Phylum species Genome(bp) Algae P yrenomas salina 66×105 Mycoplasma Mpneumoniae 1.0×106 Bacterium E coli 4.2×106 Yeast s. cerevisiae 3×107 Slime mold D discoideum 5.4×107 Nematode C elegans 8.0×107 Insect D. Melanogaster 1.4×108 Bird G. domesticus 12×10 Amphibian. laevis 3.1×109 Mamma H. sapiens 3.3×109
Size of genome基因组大小 Phylum Species Genome (bp) Algae Pyrenomas salina 6.6×105 Mycoplasma M.pneumoniae 1.0 ×106 Bacterium E.coli 4.2 ×106 Yeast S. cerevisiae 1.3 ×107 Slime mold D. discoideum 5.4 ×107 Nematode C. elegans 8.0 ×107 Insect D. Melanogaster 1.4 ×108 Bird G. domesticus 1.2 ×109 Amphibian X. laevis 3.1 ×109 Mammal H. sapiens 3.3 ×109
Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of repeating subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of (d)a phosphate group,(2)a five-carbon sugar(pentose), and 3) a cyclic nitrogen-containing compound called a base DNA的基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸。每个脱氧核苷 酸含有一个碱基,一个脱氧核糖和一个磷酸基。 H HOCH,O、QH H C N CH BCH H HC3 CN HCA 1 CH 3 N HO H 6-D-2-Deoxyribose Purine Pyrimidine
Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of repeating subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of (1) a phosphate group, (2) a five-carbon sugar (pentose), and (3) a cyclic nitrogen-containing compound called a base. DNA的基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸。每个脱氧核苷 酸含有一个碱基，一个脱氧核糖和一个磷酸基
NH 2 N,6 5C H一N,6sC 碱基结构式 8C—H sC—H H-C34C~3 H2N-C、3C N H Adenine Guanine (A) (G O NH C H-N? 4 5C-CH3 H 0=C2,C-H 0=C2:6C—H N H H Thymine Cytosine (c)
碱基结构式
Chargaff法则 ■腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶的克分子数相等“A”=“T” ■鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶的克分子数相等“G=“C” Thymine Adenine C of deoxyribose C C1 deoxyribose
Chargaff法则 ◼ 腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶的克分子数相等“A”=“T” ◼ 鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶的克分子数相等“G”=“C
The Watson-Crick double-helix DNA双螺旋结构模型要点 DNA UsUally exists as double helix, with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases: A paired with T and G paired with C. DNA分子是由两条同轴反向互相缠绕的多核甘酸链组成 的双螺旋结构 ■糖和磷酸排在外面构成骨架,两链相应的核甘酸的碱基 互相配对由氢键连接排列在内侧 The base pairs in dNa are stacked about 0. 34 nm apart, with 10 base pairs per furn(360)of the double helix 双螺旋直径为20A,螺距为34A,包含10对碱基
The Watson-Crick double-helix DNA双螺旋结构模型要点 ◼ DNA usually exists as double helix, with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases: A paired with T and G paired with C. DNA分子是由两条同轴反向互相缠绕的多核甘酸链组成 的双螺旋结构 ◼ 糖和磷酸排在外面构成骨架,两链相应的核甘酸的碱基 互相配对由氢键连接排列在内侧 ◼ The base pairs in DNA are stacked about 0.34 nm apart, with 10 base pairs per turn (360゜) of the double helix 双螺旋直径为20A，螺距为34A,包含10对碱基