河北医科大学药学院 Questions of a“Gentle Genius”. Even Geniuses Fall In Love... 1937 married Themas 1.Hedgkin ializs in nsw field of ree childre erothy in l "Combining two careers and three Her Project During WW II... children proved“reasonably easy” 1940 Britain at war Structure looked hopele Started from scratch Thomas also tauehtat oxfor Proved she was"master me for deep ealculations to kid talk Dorothy Hodgkin Determined the Penicillin Chemical Formula Chemical Structure of Penicillin B-lactam 人2 1946 :息 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 6
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 6 Questions of a “Gentle Genius”… • Wondered if chemists were right • Wanted to “see” molecules for herself • Decided to specialize in new field of X-ray crystallography • X-Ray Crystallography: crystals scatter X-rays and spots reflect arrangement of atoms X-Ray Diffraction Photograph Even Geniuses Fall In Love… • 1937 married Thomas L. Hodgkin • “They really adored each other” – Max Perutz • He decided she was more creative • Three children • (1938, 1941, 1946) “Dorothy in love” Thomas L.Hodgkin (1910-1982), historian Hodgkin disease “Combining two careers and three children proved “reasonably easy”… • Thomas also taught at Oxford • Her arthritis improved w/each pregnancy • She made time for her kids • She could switch easily from deep calculations to kid talk! A devoted couple with 3 children 9 grandchildren, 3 great-grandchildren Her Project During WW II… • 1940 Britain at war • Penicillin – “high security secret” • Structure looked hopeless • Started from scratch 1942 • 1946 Mission Accomplished • Proved she was “master crystallographer” Structure of Penicillin G Dorothy Hodgkin Determined the Chemical Structure of Penicillin 牛津大学科学史博物馆中摆 放着霍奇金发现青霉素分子 结构的示意模型，黑色线圈 表示电子云，从线圈的密度 能推断出是什么原子 Molecular model of penicillin by Dorothy Hodgkin, c. 1945 Penicillin Chemical Formula 1946 b-lactam oxazolone “A magnificent start to a new era of crystallography
河北医科大学药学院 海LE Life after WW II got complicated... oved in Third World leade -Scientists -Children'sfriends Christmas parties On to Bigger and Going Beyond the Limits... Better Things... 2-raypho s and Linson Stri Vitamin B2 Structure(1948-1957) Winning the Nobel Prize... o Wom 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 7
河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室 史清文教授 7 Google commemorated Hodgkin's 104th birthday，May 12, 2014 Sir Robert Robinson did not like the b-lactam structure because this would be unstable, unlike penicillin. All they were taken aback when a young woman solved... John W. Cornforth said “If penicillin turns out to have the b-lactam structure I shall give up chemistry and grow mushrooms.” He did not keep his threat but later received a Nobel prize for his enzyme work 30 years later, in 1975. Life after WW II got complicated… • Commuter spouses • Dorothy’s sister and family moved in • Always had guests: – Third World leaders – Scientists – Children’s friends • Christmas parties Dorothy with husband and daughter A teacher, mother, friend, and guide all rolled into one-"warm, simple, affectionate, and caring" Hodgkin et al., Nature 1955, 176, 325 On to Bigger and Better Things… 8 years, 2500 X-ray photographs Beevers and Lipson Strips Going Beyond the Limits… Developed unbeatable repertoire of skills 10,000 calculations by hand took months/years Beevers and Lipson Strips – the early computer system Vitamin B12, published in Nature in 1954 Fellow of the Royal Society in1947 harder to achieve than the Nobel Vitamin B12 Synthesis (1960-1976) 钴啉胺酸 Total synthesized by Woodward & A. Eschenmoser Vitamin B12 Structure (1948-1957) Winning the Nobel Prize… • 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry • Did not share prize • 5th Woman • 1st British Woman • Did not stop research • Next project: Insulin (777 atoms) 'Grandmother wins Nobel Prize' “牛津主妇获得了诺贝尔奖” “一项完全不属于家庭主妇的技能